Novi Ayuwardani^1,6, Zullies Ikawati²*, Nanang Fakhrudin^3,5 and Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro⁴

¹California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
²Departement of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
³Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁴Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Univeristas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁵Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁶Departement of Pharmacy, STIKES Bhakti Husada Mulia, Madiun, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author: Zullies Ikawati, Departement of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Received: November 04, 2024; Published: November 29, 2024

Abstract

The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica, also known as amla fruit, has been reported to have potential an antidepressant effects due to its high content of phenolic compounds. However, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant effect remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanism of action of P. emblica fruit extract for antidepressant activity using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The compound components of the extract were obtained from untargeted metabolomic LC-HRMS, P. emblica-related targets, and depression therapeutic targets from an extensive database. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to screen the core targets using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Metascape database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG analysis. Then, the top ten pathways were selected to construct a network analysis of compound components, disease proteins, and signaling pathways. In addition, molecular docking was used to explore and verify the interaction of compound components with core targets. Our study identified 9 compound components and 94 potential targets from P. emblica as antidepressants. The PPI network identified MAOA, COMT, SLC6A3, MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A4, and SNCA as possible targets, while GO enrichment and KEGG analysis showed that the relevant biological processes involved in the treatment of depression by P. emblica included synaptic signaling and behavior, and the molecular function included neurotransmitter receptor activity. The results of the KEGG pathway analysis identified serotonergic synapse and dopaminergic synapse signaling pathways associated with core targets. Gallic acid and ellagic acid components were selected to view the binding interaction with core targets related to molecular docking, which resulted in ellagic acid with strong binding affinity. Our study provides insight into the potential of P. emblica fruit for treating depression as a basis for further validation and exploration of experimental research.

 Keywords: Phyllanthus Emblica; Depression; Network Pharmacology; Molecular Docking; Neurotransmitter Receptor Activity

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Citation

Citation: Zullies Ikawati., et al. “Possible Mechanism of Antidepressant Action from Phyllanthus emblica Fruit using Pharmacological Network Analysis and Molecular Docking”. Acta Scientific Neurology 7.12 (2024): 35-46.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Zullies Ikawati., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.