Jayksh Chhabra¹, Akankshi Oberoi², Mehakpreet Singh Marwah³, Deepak Singla⁴ and Ashish Kapoor⁵*

¹Neurology Partners of Hudson County, Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
^2,4Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
³Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
⁵Neurology Partners of Hudson County, Bayonne Medical Center Carepoint Health and Jersey City Medical Center, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA

*Corresponding Author: Ashish Kapoor, Neurology Partners of Hudson County, Bayonne Medical Center Carepoint Health and Jersey City Medical Center, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA.

Received: June 2, 2024; Published: July 05, 2024

Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare underestimated neurological condition characterized by non-specific symptoms like headache, seizure, altered mental status, visual disturbance, and a typical finding of edema in the posterior white matter of the brain, without any signs of infarction. PRES can occur in conjunction with eclampsia, kidney disease, cytotoxic drugs, and immunosuppressants. Its manifestation in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is particularly uncommon. An early and accurate diagnosis of PRES is essential to improve the outcome and ensure a better prognosis for the patient. Delayed diagnosis can lead to permanent neurological damage. Treatment primarily involves supportive care and addressing the underlying disease. We report a case of PRES in a 21-year-old female with SLE with lupus nephritis class five.

 Keywords: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy (PRES); PRES Treatment; Pathogenesis of Pres; Systemic Lupus Encephalopathy

References

1. Li Yang., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and autoimmunity”. Autoimmunity Reviews 22.2 (2023): 103239.
2. Valdez-López Martín., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus”. Autoimmunity Reviews 20.2 (2021): 102739.
3. Di Muzio B. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Case study, Radiopaedia.org, rID 55441.
4. Hinchey J., et al. “A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome”. The New England Journal of Medicine 334.8 (1996): 494-500.
5. El Karoui Khalil., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus”. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 23.2 (2008): 757-763.
6. Ayas Özözen Zeynep., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as an initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus”. “Reverzibilis posterior encephalopathia szindróma mint a szisztémás lupus erythematosus kezdeti megjelenése”. Ideggyogyaszati Szemle 70.11-12 (2017): 425-427.
7. Bhangu Japneet K., et al. “The Association of Hypertension with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Systematic Review”. Cureus 15.12 (2023): e50620.
8. Lamy C., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome”. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 121 (2014): 1687-1701.
9. Ho CM and CC Mok. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus”. Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi 25.5 (2019): 410-412.
10. Marra A., et al. “Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the endothelial hypotheses”. Medical Hypotheses 82.5 (2014): 619-622.
11. Merayo-Chalico J., et al. “Differential serum cytokine profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome”. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 192.2 (2018): 165-170.
12. Wei Zheng., et al. “The IL-6/STAT3 pathway regulates adhesion molecules and cytoskeleton of endothelial cells in thromboangiitis obliterans”. Cellular Signalling 44 (2018): 118-126.

Citation

Citation: Ashish Kapoor., et al. “Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Underdiagnosed Condition”. Acta Scientific Neurology 7.8 (2024): 15-18.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Ashish Kapoor., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.