Acta Scientific Neurology (ASNE) (ISSN: 2582-1121)

Perspective Volume 6 Issue 1

Congenital Hydrocephalus in Identical Twins: Case Report

Kenneth Blum1-6,13, Abdalla Bowirrat1, Igor Elman7, David Baron2, Panayotis K Thanos8,9, Mark S Gold10, Catherine Dennen11, Nicole Jafari12,13, Drew Edwards14, Jag Khalsa15,16, Eric R Braverman3, Rajendra D Badgaiyan17

1Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
2Center for Sports, Exercise, Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
3The Kenneth Blum Behavioral and Neurogenetic Institute, LLC, Austin, TX, USA
4Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
5Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, VY, USA
6Department of Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
7Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
8Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
9Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
10Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
11Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA
12Department of Human Development, California State University at long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
13Division of Personalized Medicine, Cross-Cultural Research and Educational Institute, San Clemente, CA, USA
14The NeuroGenesis Project, Jacksonville, Florida
15Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Special Volunteer, MD, USA
16Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, NWDC USA
17Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

*Corresponding Author: Kenneth Blum, Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

Received: December 02, 2022; Published: December 27, 2022

Abstract

This phrase” that’s for the birds” is of American origin and, while still in use there, has never been commonly used elsewhere. It is US Army slang and originated towards the end of WWII. First use was from The Lowell Sun, October 1944. The phrase has a number of meanings as described in the 1944 edition of the American Speech. In our use of this phrase, it suggests that people do not want to experience addiction at all because it is contemptible. We also use it to designate that preaddiction based on both DNA antecedents and epigenetic insults due to negativity in the surrounds is due in-part to reward deficiency as in “Reward Deficiency Syndrome” first coined by Blum’s group in 1995, thus aka BRDS.

References

  1. Baron D., et al. “Conceptualizing Addiction from an Osteopathic Perspective: Dopamine Homeostasis”. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association2 (2018): 115-118.
  2. Blum K., et al. “Improving naltrexone compliance and outcomes with putative pro- dopamine regulator KB220, compared to treatment as usual”. Journal of Systems and Integrative Neuroscience 7 (2020).
  3. Blum K., et al. “The Molecular Neurobiology of Twelve Steps Program and Fellowship: Connecting the Dots for Recovery”. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome1 (2015): 46-64.
  4. Zhang Y., et al. “Distinct resting-state brain activities in heroin-dependent individuals”. Brain Research 1402 (2011): 46-53.
  5. Xie C., et al. “Identification of hyperactive intrinsic amygdala network connectivity associated with impulsivity in abstinent heroin addicts”. Behavioural Brain Research 2 (2011): 639-646.
  6. Wang X., et al. “Brain function of heroin addicts after withdrawal”. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 8 (2011): 733-738.
  7. Zijlstra F., et al. “Striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding and dopamine release during cue-elicited craving in recently abstinent opiate-dependent males”. European Neuropsychopharmacology 4 (2008): 262-270.
  8. Lee YK., et al. “Looking beyond the opioid receptor: A desperate need for new treatments for opioid use disorder”. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 432 (2022): 120094.
  9. Blum K and Baron D. “Opioid Substitution Therapy: Achieving Harm Reduction While Searching for a Prophylactic Solution”. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20 (2019): 180-182.
  10. Blum K., et al. “A Novel Precision Approach to Overcome the "Addiction Pandemic" by Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) and Dopamine Homeostasis Restoration”. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11 (2021):
  11. Miller D., et al. “Addiction Treatment in America: After Money or Aftercare?” Reward Deficiency Syndrome 1 (2018): 87-94.
  12. Blum K., et al. “The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a predictor of compulsive disease: Bayes' theorem”. Functional Neurology 1 (1995): 37-44.
  13. Blum K., et al. “Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21 (2021): 11529.
  14. Peng Q., et al. “Common genetic substrates of alcohol and substance use disorder severity revealed by pleiotropy detection against GWAS catalog in two populations”. Addiction Biology 1 (2021): e12877.
  15. Krebs EE., et al. “Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients with Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial”. JAMA 9 (2018): 872-882.
  16. Williamson TK., et al. “H-Wave®Device Stimulation: A Critical Review”. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11 (2021): 1134.
  17. Lefaucheur JP., et al. “Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018)”. Clinical Neurophysiology 131.2 (2020): 474-528.
  18. Yuodelis-Flores C and Ries RK. “Addiction and suicide: A review”. The American Journal on Addictions 2 (2012): 98-104.
  19. Humphreys K., et al. “Responding to the opioid crisis in North America and beyond: recommendations of the Stanford-Lancet Commission”. Lancet10324 (2022): 555-604.
  20. Blum K., et al. “Activation instead of blocking mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry is a preferred modality in the long-term treatment of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS): a commentary”. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 5 (2008): 24.
  21. Madigan MA., et al. “Precision Behavioral Management (PBM) and Cognitive Control as a Potential Therapeutic and Prophylactic Modality for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is There Enough Evidence?” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11 (2022): 6395.
  22. Raleigh MD., et al. “A Fentanyl Vaccine Alters Fentanyl Distribution and Protects against Fentanyl-Induced Effects in Mice and Rats”. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2 (2019): 282-291.
  23. Gold MS., et al. “A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry”. Psychiatric Clinics of North America3 (2015): 419-462.
  24. Kalebasi N., et al. “Blunted responses to reward in remitted post-traumatic stress disorder”. Brain Behavior8 (2015): e00357.
  25. Wang L., et al. “Abnormal gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity in former heroin-dependent individuals abstinent for multiple years”. Addiction Biology3 (2016): 646-656.
  26. Schmidt LG., et al. “Different allele distribution of a regulatory MAOA gene promoter polymorphism in antisocial and anxious-depressive alcoholics”. Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna) 6 (2000): 681-689.
  27. Borsook D., et al. “Reward deficiency and anti-reward in pain chronification”. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews68 (2016): 282-297.
  28. Minozzi S., et al. “Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence”. Cochrane Database System Review2 (2011): CD001333.
  29. Bowirrat A., et al. “Relationship between dopaminergic neurotransmission, alcoholism, and Reward Deficiency syndrome”. American Journal of Medical Genetics132B (2005): 29-37.
  30. Robison LS., et al. “Exercise Reduces Dopamine D1R and Increases D2R in Rats: Implications for Addiction”. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise8 (2018): 1596-1602.
  31. Blum K., et al. “Pro-Dopamine Regulator - (KB220) to Balance Brain Reward Circuitry in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)”. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science1 (2017): 3-13.
  32. Jeynes KD and Gibson EL. “The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: A review”. Drug and Alcohol Dependence179 (2017): 229-239.
  33. Carroll KM and Kiluk BD. “Cognitive behavioral interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders: Through the stage model and back again”. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors8 (2017): 847-861.
  34. Jansen JM., et al. “Resting state connectivity in alcohol dependent patients and the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation”. European Neuropsychopharmacology12 (2015): 2230-2239.
  35. Cameron JD., et al. “Brain on Fire: Incentive Salience, Hedonic Hot Spots, Dopamine, Obesity, and Other Hunger Games”. Annual Review of Nutrition37 (2017): 183-205.
  36. Wang TR., et al. “Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of drug addiction”. Neurosurgery Focus2 (2018): E11.
  37. Howe WM and Kenny PJ. “Drug Addiction: Mechanisms of Nicotine Dependence Unmasked by Gene Editing”. Current Biology20 (2018): R1205-R1207.
  38. Blum K., et al. “Promoting Precision Addiction Management (PAM) to Combat the Global Opioid Crisis”. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research2 (2018): 1-4.
  39. Bali P., et al. “Methylation, memory and addiction”. Epigenetics 6 (2011): 671-674.
  40. Febo M., et al. “Enhanced functional connectivity and volume between cognitive and reward centers of naïve rodent brain produced by pro-dopaminergic agent KB220Z”. PLoS One4 (2017): e0174774.
  41. Blum K., et al. “Psychostimulant use disorder emphasizing methamphetamine and the opioid -dopamine connection: Digging out of a hypodopaminergic ditch”. Journal of the Neurological Sciences420 (2020): 117252.
  42. Chadwick R. “Nutrigenomics, individualism and public health”. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1 (2004): 161-166.
  43. Mathers JC. Nutrigenomics in the modern era”. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 3 (2017): 265-275.
  44. Blum K., et al. “Genetic Addiction Risk and Psychological Profiling Analyses for “Preaddiction” Severity Index”. Journal of Personalized Medicine 12 (2022):
  45. Kótyuk E., et al. “Development and validation of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire (RDSQ-29)”. Journal of Psychopharmacology 3 (2022): 409-422.
  46. Blum K., et al. “Neurogenetics and Nutrigenomics of Neuro-Nutrient Therapy for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Clinical Ramifications as a Function of Molecular Neurobiological Mechanisms”. J Addict Res Ther5 (2012): 139.
  47. Blum K., et al. “Introducing Precision Addiction Management of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, the Construct That Underpins All Addictive Behaviors”. Front Psychiatry 9 (2018): 548.

Citation

Citation: Kenneth Blum., et al. “OPIOID ADDICTION: That’s “for the BRDS". Acta Scientific Neurology 6.1 (2023): 86-92.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Kenneth Blum., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate32%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is November 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US