Acta Scientific Neurology (ASNE) (ISSN: 2582-1121)

Research Article Volume 5 Issue 11

Postoperative Central Nervous System Infections in Neurosurgical Patients: An Account of a Teaching Hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria

Olabisi O Ogunleye

Senior Lecturer/Consultant Neurosurgeon, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi

*Corresponding Author: Olabisi O Ogunleye, Senior Lecturer/Consultant Neurosurgeon, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi.

Received: August 30, 2022; Published: October 31, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative central nervous system infection (PCNSI) poses a significant after neurosurgical procedure and require urgent intervention to avoid prolonged morbidity and avoid mortality. PCNSI presents as cases of meningitis, wound infection, empyema and abscess. We aimed to look at the incidence and factors associated with PCNSI in our hospital.

Materials and Method: Retrospective analysis of 119 patients who had elective neurosurgical procedures in our hospital between August 2018 and July 2022. Incidence of PCNSI recorded, pathogen offended identified and factors related to the development of PCNSI were also reviewed.

Results: One hundred and nineteen patients that elective neurosurgical procedures with median age group of 38.6 years, out of which 6 developed PCNSI and this represent 5% incidence rate of PCNSI. Cranial (73%) and spinal (27%) procedures has 3 cases of PCNSI each. The Staphylococcus aureus was the most offending organism isolated from culture representing over 66%. Age and male sex were associated with PCNSI in our study (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The incidence of PCNSI in our center is 5% which comparable with findings from many researchers, though higher to some reports. Commodities like hypertension and diabetes were seeing not to be associated with PCNSI. Prophylactic usage of antibiotics is of utmost important.

Keywords: CNS Infection; Neurosurgery; Incidence Rate

References

  1. Marion DW. “Complications of head injury and their therapy”. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 2 (1991): 411-424.
  2. Nathoo N., et al. “Cranial extradural empyema in the era of computed tomography: a review of 92 cases”. Neurosurgery 44 (1999): 748-753.
  3. Giovane R and Lavender P. “Central nervous system infections”. Primary Care 3 (2018): 505-518.
  4. Yang W., et al. “Trends of intra-cranial bacterial infection in patients requiring emergency neurosurgery”. Surgical Infections (Larchmt)8 (2020): 677-683.
  5. Singhi S and Angurana SK. “Principles of management of central nervous system infections”. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1 (2019): 52-59.
  6. Borges LF. “Infections in neurologic surgery: host defenses”. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 3 (1992): 275-278.
  7. Thanh TT., et al. “Value of lipocalin 2 as a potential biomarker for bacterial meningitis”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection5 (2020): 724-730.
  8. Baumgartner W and Loscher W. “Re-emergence of neuroinfectiology”. Acta Neuropathologica 2 (2016): 155-158.
  9. Poplin V., et al. “Methods for rapid diagnosis of meningitis etiology in adults”. Biomarkers in Medicine 6 (2020): 459-479.
  10. Horan TC., et al. “CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting”. American Journal of Infection Control 5 (2008): 309-332.
  11. Magiorakos AP., et al. “Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3 (2012): 268-281.
  12. Diamantino-Miranda J., et al. “Clonal and serotype dynamics of serogroup 6 isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease in Portugal: 1999-2012”. PLoS ONE2 (2017): e0170354.
  13. Raggueneau JL., et al. “Analysis of infectious sequelae of 1000 neurosurgical operations: effects of prophylactic antibiotherapy [in French]”. Neurochirurgie 29 (1983): 229-233.
  14. Goodrich JT. “Landmarks in the history of neurosurgery”. In: Rengachery SS, Wilkins RH, eds. Principles of neurosurgery. Baltimore: Mosby- Wolfe2 (1994): 1.25.
  15. Meade RH. “An introduction to the history of general surgery”. Philadelphia: WB Saunders (1968).
  16. Barker FG 2nd. “Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for craniotomy: a meta-analysis”. Neurosurgery 35 (1994): 484-492.
  17. Korinek AM. “Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a prospective multicenter study of 2944 patients”. The French Study Group of Neurosurgical Infections, the SEHP, and the C-CLIN Paris-Nord Service Epidemiologie Hygiene et Prevention”. Neurosurgery 41 (1997): 1073-1081.
  18. Korinek AM., et al. “Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis”. Neurosurgery 59 (2006): 126-133.
  19. Mollman HD and Haines SJ. “Risk factors for postoperative neurosurgical wound infection: a case-control study”. Journal of Neurosurgery 64 (1986): 902-906.
  20. McClelland and Hall. “Postoperative Central Nervous System Infection: Incidence and Associated Factors in 2111 Neurosurgical Procedures”. Clinical Infectious Diseases 45 (2007): 55-59.
  21. Schnoring M and Brock M. “Prophylactic antibiotics in lumbar disc surgery: analysis of 1,030 procedures”. Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie 64 (2003): 24-29.
  22. Mastronardi L and Tatta C. “Intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in clean spinal surgery: a retrospective analysis in a consecutive series of 973 cases”. Surgical Neurology 61 (2004): 129-135.
  23. Van Ek B., et al. “Infections after craniotomy: a retrospective study”. Journal of Infection 12 (1986): 105-109.
  24. Korinek AM., et al. “Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a critical reappraisal of antibiotic prophylaxis on 4,578 patients”. British Journal of Neurosurgery 19 (2005): 155-162.

Citation

Citation: Olabisi O Ogunleye. “Postoperative Central Nervous System Infections in Neurosurgical Patients: An Account of a Teaching Hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria". Acta Scientific Neurology 5.11 (2022): 52-56.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Olabisi O Ogunleye. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate32%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US