Acta Scientific Neurology (ASNE) (ISSN: 2582-1121)

Review Article Volume 4 Issue 8

The Importance of Physical Activity and Yoga During Covid-19 Pandemic

Mohammadreza Mohseni1, Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam Mansouri2* and Sivakumar JT Gowder3

11PhD of DBA, M.Sc. of Exercise Physiology, Conditioning Specialists of Paracanoe National Team, ‎I.R. Iran ‎National Paralympic Committee, Tehran, ‎Iran
2PhD of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
3Department of Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

*Corresponding Author: Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam Mansouri, PhD of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

Received: June 07, 2021; Published: July 31, 2021

Abstract

Current pandemic coronavirus that is also known as COVID-19 or coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory disease that effects on so many dimensions of human body. From 2019 up to now, more than 154,000 articles have been done to find out disease symptoms, what are those appropriate ways to control the disease or even prevent its expansion. Among different strategies, it is well accepted that individuals with strong immune system and healthy body could handle the disease much better compare to those individuals with heart, kidney, or liver problems due to the virus receptor that are located on those organs. Also, because of its highly contagious infectious and high mortality rate, it causes so many anxiety. Accordingly, it disrupts health, cause sense of fear and lead to depression and distress. All of these could increase proinflammatory cytokines, stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increase cortisol, reduce natural killer cells, diminish the immune system and make it much poor to even handle flue. Physical activity and yoga are those well accepted strategies that could control stress and save immune system proper work. They could control metabolic syndrome and guarantee ‎cardiorespiratory fitness that ameliorate the COVID-19 side effects on body and have so ‎many benefits on mental health.

In this review, we try to precisely discuss the physical activity and yoga and their health-benefit, immune system, stress, and COVID-19 and finally the beneficial and vital effects of physical activity and yoga on human health and their effects on immune system regard to control COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Immune System; Physical Activity; Yoga; Depression

References

  1. Warburton DER and Bredin SSD. “Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews”. Current Opinion in Cardiology5 (2017): 541-556.
  2. Hills AP., et al. “Physical Activity and Health: "What is Old is New Again". Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 75 (2015): 77-95.
  3. Caspersen CJ., et al. “Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research”. Public Health Report2 (1985): 126-131.
  4. Field T. “Yoga research review”. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 24 (2016): 145-161.
  5. Cramer H and Lauche R. “Yoga therapy: Efficacy, mechanisms and implementation”. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 40 (2018): 236.
  6. Govindaraj R., et al. “Yoga and physical exercise - a review and comparison”. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)3 (2016): 242-253.
  7. Nagarathna R., et al. “A Perspective on Yoga as a Preventive Strategy for Coronavirus Disease 2019”. International Journal of Yoga2 (2020): 89-98.
  8. Segerstrom SC and Miller GE. “Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry”. Psychological Bulletin4 (2004): 601-630.
  9. Morey JN., et al. “Current Directions in Stress and Human Immune Function”. Current Opinion in Psychology 5 (2015): 13-17.
  10. Witek-Janusek L., et al. “Psychologic stress, reduced NK cell activity, and cytokine dysregulation in women experiencing diagnostic breast biopsy”. Psychoneuroendocrinology1 (2007): 22-35.
  11. van Erp EA., et al. “Viral Infection of Human Natural Killer Cell”. Viruses 3 (2019).
  12. Brandstadter JD and Yang Y. “Natural killer cell responses to viral infection”. Journal of Innate Immunity3 (2011): 274-279.
  13. Nicholson LB. “The immune system”. Essays in Biochemistry3 (2016): 275-301.
  14. Andersen MH., et al. “Cytotoxic T cells”. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology1 (2006): 32-41.
  15. Dragoş D and Tănăsescu MD. “The effect of stress on the defense systems”. Journal of Medicine and Life1 (2010): 10-18.
  16. Falkenberg RI., et al. “Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine4 (2018): 467-482.
  17. Wyman PA., et al. “Association of Family Stress With Natural Killer Cell Activity and the Frequency of Illnesses in Children”. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 3 (2007): 228-234.
  18. Jackson EM. “STRESS RELIEF: The Role of Exercise in Stress Management”. ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal 3 (2013): 14-19.
  19. Roghanian A., et al. “B Cells Promote Pancreatic Tumorigenesis”. Cancer Discovery 3 (2016): 230-232.
  20. McGregor BA., et al. “Stress, cortisol, and B lymphocytes: a novel approach to understanding academic stress and immune function”. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2 (2016): 185-191.
  21. Sheleg S VA. “Could COVID-19 be a latent viral infection?” Global Journal of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research1 (2020): 029-030.
  22. Akin L and Gözel MG. “Understanding dynamics of pandemics”. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 50 (2020): 515-519.
  23. Yazdanpanah F., et al. “The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe?” Life Sciences 256 (2020): 117900.
  24. Yan Y., et al. “The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7 (2020).
  25. Wang K., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein”. bioRxiv (2020): 2020.03.14.988345.
  26. Ulrich H and Pillat MM. “CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement”. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports3 (2020): 434-440.
  27. Calina D., et al. “Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)”. International Journal of Molecular Medicine1 (2020): 3-16.
  28. Moghadas SM., et al. “The impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States”. Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2021).
  29. Woods J., et al. “The COVID-19 Pandemic and Physical Activity”. Elsevier (2020).
  30. Stephens I. “Medical Yoga Therapy”. Children (Basel, Switzerland)2 (2017).
  31. Dwyer MJ., et al. “Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports7 (2020): 1291-1294.
  32. Fletcher GF., et al. “Reprint of: Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise: JACC Health Promotion Series”. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72 (2018): 3053-3070.
  33. Mason H., et al. “Yoga and Healthcare in the United Kingdom”. International Journal of Yoga Therapy1 (2017): 121-126.
  34. Bushell W., et al. “Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects”. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, NY) 26.7 (2020): 547-556.
  35. Heffernan KS and Jae SY. “Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole?” Medical Hypotheses 142 (2020): 109835.
  36. Nieman DC and Wentz LM. “The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system”. Journal of Sport and Health Science3 (2019): 201-217.

Citation

Citation: Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam Mansouri., et al. “The Importance of Physical Activity and Yoga During Covid-19 Pandemic". Acta Scientific Neurology 4.8 (2021): 88-95.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam Mansouri., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate32%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In




News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 10, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US