Acta Scientific Microbiology

Mini Review Volume 8 Issue 6

Pneumococcal Infections and Diseases and Other Respiratory Infections, Diseases, and Disorders in Therapeutics and Prevention Via Nanomedicine

Attapon Cheepsattayakorn1-4* and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn5

1Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Pathumtani Province, Thailand
2Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
310th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand
4Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
5Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

*Corresponding Author: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Pathumtani Province and Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University and 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center and Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.

Received: May 05, 2025; Published: May 22, 2025

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among children and aging population with millions of pneumonia cases each year, particularly bacterial pneumonia. The significantly increasing incidence of bacterial pneumonia in both children and the elderly is found due to decreased immune function. In recent years, the problem of drug resistance in bacterial pneumonia has become increasingly serious due to the misuse of antibiotics. Bacterial pneumonia is a serious infectious disease, and its current therapeutic strategies have led to the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Finding drugs that are alternatives to traditional antibiotics would be an effective solution to this challenge. Currently, nanomedicines can change improve the targeting and penetration of antibiotics, and the drug size thus improving bioavailability and reducing systemic toxic effects. Nanomaterials can serve as adjuvants and vaccine delivery vectors to enhance vaccine-induced specific immune responses and antigen immunogenicity, and are widely used for infectious disease prevention, tumor immunotherapy, etc. Meanwhile, nanomaterials, like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric NPs, and exosomes, can act as delivery systems for targeted drug distribution, controlled release, and effective treatment. In conclusion, the disadvantages of the exosomes could be compensated by other types of NPs to achieve the targets.

Keywords: Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Diseases; Elderly; Aging Population; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumococcal Vaccination; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19 Vaccination; SARS-CoV-2

References

  1. Jin W., et al. “Recent advances in nanomedicine therapy for bacterial pneumonia”. Chinese Chemical Letters6 (2025): 110920.
  2. Zhu M., et al. Chinese Chemical Letters (2017).
  3. Lussier F., et al. “Can bottom-up synthetic biology generate advanced drug-delivery systems?” Trends Biotechnology 39 (2021): 445-459. 
  4. Zeng Q., et al. “Wound dressing: from nanomaterials to diagnostic dressings and healing evaluations”. ACS Nano 16 (2022): 1708-1733. 
  5. Liu T., et al. “Nanomaterials and nanomaterials-based drug delivery to promote cutaneous wound healing”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 193 (2023): 114670.
  6. Huang Y., et al. “Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment”. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 9 (2024): 34.
  7. George M., et al. “Treatment of lung diseases viananoparticles and nanorobots: Are these viable alternatives to overcome current treatments?” Materials Today Bio 31 (2025): 101616.
  8. Huang Y., et al. “Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment”. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 9 (2024): 34.
  9. Hald Albertsen C., et al. “The role of lipid components in lipid nanoparticles for vaccines and gene therapy”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 188 (2022):
  10. Díez-Pascual AM. “Carbon-Based Nanomaterials”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (2021):
  11. Ferreira Soares DC., et al. “Polymer-hybrid nanoparticles: current advances in biomedical applications”. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 131 (2020):
  12. Shi J., et al. “Self-assembled targeted nanoparticles: evolution of technologies and bench to bedside translation”. Accounts of Chemical Research 44 (2011): 1123-1134. 
  13. Liang Y., et al. “Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery”. Theranostics 11 (2021): 3183-3195.
  14. Altammar KA. “A Review on Nanoparticles: Characteristics, Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges”. Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (2023): 1155622.
  15. Rudramurthy GR and Swamy MK. “Potential Applications of Engineered Nanoparticles in Medicine and Biology: An Update”. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 23 (2018): 1185-1204.
  16. Huang Y., et al. “Nanotechnology’s frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment”. Nature : Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2024).

Citation

Citation: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn. “Pneumococcal Infections and Diseases and Other Respiratory Infections, Diseases, and Disorders in Therapeutics and Prevention Via Nanomedicine".Acta Scientific Microbiology 8.6 (2025): 35-41.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Attapon Cheepsattayakorn and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.

Contact US