Attapon Cheepsattayakorn^1-4* and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn⁵

¹Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Pathumtani Province, Thailand
²Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
³10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand
⁴Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
⁵Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

*Corresponding Author: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Pathumtani Province and Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University and 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center and Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.

Received: May 05, 2025; Published: May 22, 2025

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly among children and aging population with millions of pneumonia cases each year, particularly bacterial pneumonia. The significantly increasing incidence of bacterial pneumonia in both children and the elderly is found due to decreased immune function. In recent years, the problem of drug resistance in bacterial pneumonia has become increasingly serious due to the misuse of antibiotics. Bacterial pneumonia is a serious infectious disease, and its current therapeutic strategies have led to the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Finding drugs that are alternatives to traditional antibiotics would be an effective solution to this challenge. Currently, nanomedicines can change improve the targeting and penetration of antibiotics, and the drug size thus improving bioavailability and reducing systemic toxic effects. Nanomaterials can serve as adjuvants and vaccine delivery vectors to enhance vaccine-induced specific immune responses and antigen immunogenicity, and are widely used for infectious disease prevention, tumor immunotherapy, etc. Meanwhile, nanomaterials, like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric NPs, and exosomes, can act as delivery systems for targeted drug distribution, controlled release, and effective treatment. In conclusion, the disadvantages of the exosomes could be compensated by other types of NPs to achieve the targets.

Keywords: Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Diseases; Elderly; Aging Population; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumococcal Vaccination; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19 Vaccination; SARS-CoV-2

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Citation

Citation: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn. “Pneumococcal Infections and Diseases and Other Respiratory Infections, Diseases, and Disorders in Therapeutics and Prevention Via Nanomedicine".Acta Scientific Microbiology 8.6 (2025): 35-41.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Attapon Cheepsattayakorn and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.