Isolation of Bacterial Agents Causing LRTI in HIV Positive Patients; Radiological Corelation and CD4 Status from a Tertiary Care Centre
Sonal Gupta1*, Aruna Solanki2and P K Khatri3
1MBBS, MD Microbiology, Ex-Resident, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, India
2Ex-Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, India
3Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, India
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Gupta, MBBS, MD Microbiology, Ex-Resident, Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, India.
Received:
February 03, 2025; Published: March 05, 2024
Abstract
Introduction:Bacterial pneumonia is reported to be more frequent in HIV positive patients as compared to seronegative and the rate of bacterial pneumonia increased with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts. The aim of the present study is to ascertain the spectrum of bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in HIV positives in western Rajasthan, microbiological and radiological correlation and to find out variation in CD4+T Lymphocytes, CD8 +T Lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV positive and HIV negative patients having LRTI.
Material and Methods: A case control prospective study conducted. With a preset protocol a history of clinical signs, and symptoms, radiological findings, routine lab. Investigations was collected. CD4+ T and CD8 + T Lymphocyte counts of the samples under study was estimated by Flow Cytometry using BD FACS Calibur.
Results: Polymicrobial isolation was found to be more in study group. Among the bacterial isolates in the study group, S aureus was isolated in 42.8%, K. Pneumoniae 11.9%, E. coli 4.7% and P. aeruginosa in 9.52%. M tuberculosis was isolated in 8% in the study group. Radiological findings like focal consolidation and military pattern was observed in the study group with M. Tuberculosis isolation. In the study group, mean CD4 counts 214 ± 120 cells/ul, mean CD8 counts 940 ± 168 cells/ul and CD4/CD8 ratio: 0.23 ± 0.11, was found.
Conclusion: HIV positive Patients with LRTI should undergo diagnostic evaluation for specific pathogens that would alter the standard treatment. Also, low CD4 counts predisposes the HIV positive patients to bacterial LRTIs.
Keywords: LRTI; HIV; Polymicrobial
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