Acta Scientific Microbiology

Research Article Volume 8 Issue 3

Isolation and Enumeration of Bacteria from Fresh Flowers of The Religious City of Ayodhya in the State of Uttar Pradesh in India

Prashant Singh1, Ajad Patel1, Ranjan Singh1*, Vijay Kumar Shukla2, Soni Tiwari1, Prabhash Kumar Pandey3, Laxmi Kant Pandey4, Femina Sobin5, Neeraj Khare6, Abhishek Vashishtha7, Ashutosh Kumar1 and Ashutosh Tripathi1

1Department of Microbiology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
2Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
3Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
4Department of Biotechnology, St. Aloysius College (Autonomous), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
5Department of Microbiology, St. Aloysius College (Autonomous), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
6Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
7Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Jaisalmer Road, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

*Corresponding Author: Ranjan Singh, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Received: February 03, 2025; Published: February 21, 2025

Abstract

Flowers are the good mood refreshment and main parts of the decoration, used for various religious and cultural activities in all over the world. In the Indian state, Uttar Pradesh, the city Ayodhya is globally famous for the temple of Hindu god Lord Rama and that’s why flowers play various roles in the events of religious and cultural activities. Due to its regular use, flowers should be away from microbial contamination. The flowers were collected from the main garden of Avadh University (Latitude 26°45'11.8"N, Longitude 82°08'32.7"E), Ayodhya from January to March 2024. Objective of this research was to isolation and enumeration of the pathogenic bacteria from the flowers that may harm humans, animals and environment. The results revealed that flowers contain harmful

Keywords: Decoration; Religious; Flower; Harm; Pathogenic Bacteria; Bacterial Contamination

References

  1. P D Keener. “Mycoflora of Buds. I. Results of Cultures from Non-Irradiated Materials of Certain Woody Plants”. American Journal of Botany7 (1950).
  2. Z Mazinani., et al. “Isolation and Identification of Phyllospheric Bacteria Possessing Antimicrobial Activity from Astragalus obtusifolius, Prosopis juliflora, Xanthium strumarium and Hippocrepis unisiliqousa”. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology1 (2017): 31-37.
  3. AJ Redford., et al. “The ecology of the phyllosphere: Geographic and phylogenetic variability in the distribution of bacteria on tree leaves”. Environmental Microbiology11 (2010).
  4. JM Whipps., et al. “Phyllosphere microbiology with special reference to diversity and plant genotype”. (2008).
  5. P Singh., et al. “Isolation of Bacterial Diversity from the Surface of Fresh Fruit Samples Available in Local Market of Ayodhya City, India”. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences7 (2024): 22-27.
  6. R C F Burdon., et al. “Bacteria colonising Penstemon digitalis show volatile and tissue-specific responses to a natural concentration range of the floral volatile linalool”. Chemoecology1 (2018): 11-19.
  7. N J Elvira., et al. “Are microbes growing on flowers evil? Effects of old flower microbes on fruit set in a wild ginger with one-day flowers, Alpinia japonica (Zingiberaceae)”. Metabarcoding Metagenom 6 (2022): 203-214.
  8. R Roy., et al. “Review: Nectar biology: From molecules to ecosystems”. (2017).
  9. P Gaube., et al. “Changes amid constancy: Flower and leaf microbiomes along land use gradients and between bioregions”. Basic Applied Ecology 50 (2022): 1-15.
  10. J Massoni., et al. “Consistent host and organ occupancy of phyllosphere bacteria in a community of wild herbaceous plant species”. ISME Journal1 (2020): 245-258.
  11. N Wei and T L Ashman. “The effects of host species and sexual dimorphism differ among root, leaf and flower microbiomes of wild strawberries in situ”. Scientific Report1 (2018).
  12. T Bubán., et al. “The nectary as the primary site of infection by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.: A mini review”. in Plant Systematics and Evolution, Springer Wien (2003): 183-194.
  13. T Koley., et al. “Characterization and diversity assessment of Hibiscus germplasms using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers”. South African Journal of Botany 169 (2024): 164-177.
  14. F Huang., et al. “Effect of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) on soil microbial communities in continuously cropped tobacco fields”. Scientific Report1 (2022).
  15. V Shurigin., et al. “Diversity and biological activity of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (Calendula officinalis l.)”. AIMS Microbiology3 (2021).
  16. BC Nwachukwu., et al. “Structural diversity of bacterial communities in two divergent sunflower rhizosphere soils”. Annals of Microbiology1 (2023).
  17. H Jiang., et al. “Influence on the fermentation quality, microbial diversity, and metabolomics in the ensiling of sunflower stalks and alfalfa”. Frontiers in Plant Science 15 (2024).
  18. B S Adeleke., et al. “Bacterial community structure of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) endosphere”. Plant Signaling and Behavior12 (2021).
  19. H Mehdikhani., et al. “Deeper insight into the morphological features of sunflower stalk as Biorefining criteria for sustainable production”. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal (2019).
  20. NW Sihite., et al. “Utilization of jasmine flower extract as antimicrobial in tempeh sausage”. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (2018).
  21. A Wilczyńska., et al. “Preliminary assessment of microbial quality of edible flowers”. LWT 150 (2021): 111926.
  22. KR Matthews and D Salvi. “Scope of the produce contamination problem”. The Produce Contamination Problem: Causes and Solutions, Third Edition (2023): 3-12.
  23. K R Aneja. “Experiments in Microbiology Plant Pathology and Biotechnology”. New Age International Publishers (2013).
  24. N Shahi., et al. “MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GOMTI RIVER, LUCKNOW, INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENTERIC BACTERIA”. Journal of Experimental Zoology-India 1 (2023).
  25. K Kumari., et al. “Coliform count assessment of Saryu river, Ayodhya, U.P., India with special reference to human health”. Biochemical and Cellular ArchivesS1 (2023).
  26. J A Vorholt. “Microbial life in the phyllosphere”. (2012).
  27. RR Junker and A Keller. “Microhabitat heterogeneity across leaves and flower organs promotes bacterial diversity”. FEMS Microbiology and Ecology9 (2015).
  28. K Aleklett., et al. “The microbial ecology of flowers: An emerging frontier in phyllosphere research”. (2014).
  29. G Innerebner., et al. “Protection of Arabidopsis thaliana against leaf-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae by Sphingomonas strains in a controlled model system”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology10 (2011).

Citation

Citation: Ranjan Singh.,et al. “Isolation and Enumeration of Bacteria from Fresh Flowers of The Religious City of Ayodhya in the State of Uttar Pradesh in India".Acta Scientific Microbiology 8.3 (2025): 52-57.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Sheetal Verma., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.

Contact US