Joshi Chinmay¹, Zala Viren¹, Pandya Amit¹, Zala Harpal¹, Zala Vibhakshi¹, Zala Prakasha¹ and Trivedi Nidhi S²*

¹Ami Agri Bioscience Pvt ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
²BioAgro Innovators LLP, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding Author: Trivedi Nidhi S, BioAgro Innovators LLP, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Received: December 11, 2024; Published: January 04, 2025

Abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Ami Pochonia chlamydosporia in managing root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivation at the Ami Experimental Farm in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, over a year. The analysis used a randomized block design and comprised two treatments: one with P. chlamydosporia, a seed treatment and soil amendment at 1 kg per acre, and a control group with no treatment. The results showed that the treated plants had substantially enhanced growth parameters, with average heights of 156.34 cm versus 101.65 cm in the control, root lengths increasing from 24.23 cm to 47.16 cm, dry shoot weights increasing from 13.11 g to 21.53 g, and dry root weights increasing from 2.25 g to 7.43 g. Furthermore, Ami P. chlamydosporia decreased the root-knot index from 5.45 to 1.45 and nematode populations by 52.34%, from 371.34 to 219.18. The treatment also increased yield by 30.05%, to 5.09 t/ha, compared to 4.12 t/ha in the control. The Incremental Cost-Benefit Ratio (ICBR) of 1.91 demonstrates considerable financial benefits; promoting the conclusion that P. chlamydosporia is a viable and sustainable approach to reducing root-knot nematodes in okra, increasing crop yields, and maintaining soil health.

Keywords:Okra; Meloidogyne incognita; Ami P. chlamydosporia; Nematodes

References

1. Sarkar Mangaldeep., et al. "Present Status of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench.) Diseases and their Management Strategies”. Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Diagnosis and Management. Apple Academic Press, (2022): 325-343.
2. Das Soma., et al. "Okra and its various applications in drug delivery, food technology, health care and pharmacological aspects-a review”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research6 (2019): 2139-2147.
3. Adelakun Oluyemisi Elizabeth and Olusegun James Oyelade. "Potential use of okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour for food fortification and effects of processing”. Flour and Breads and their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press, (2011): 205-212.
4. Ofuya Thomas I., et al. "A review of insect pest management in vegetable crop production in Nigeria”. Insects2 (2023): 111.
5. Shah F and Wu W. “Soil and crop management strategies to ensure higher crop productivity within sustainable environments”. Sustainability5 (2019): 1485.
6. Azlay Latifa., et al. "Biological management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.): a review”. Organic Agriculture1 (2023): 99-117.
7. Nurul Hafiza AAR., et al. "Occurrence and control of root knot nematode in crops: a review”. (2016): 1649-1654.
8. Shilpa N., et al. "A status-quo review on management of root knot nematode in tomato”. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology4 (2022): 403-416.
9. Asimakis Elias., et al. "Algae and their metabolites as potential bio-pesticides”. Microorganisms2 (2022): 307.
10. Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz MM. "Optimizing safe approaches to manage plant-parasitic nematodes”. Plants9 (2021): 1911.
11. Ahmad Gufran., et al. "Eco-friendly approaches for the alleviation of root-knot nematodes”. Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes for Sustainable Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management (2021): 557-575.
12. Naz Ishrat., et al. "Biological control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro, greenhouse and field in cucumber”. Biological Control152 (2021): 104429.
13. Bengtsson Torbjörn. "Biological control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) by the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia”. (2015).
14. Moosavi Mohammad Reza and Rasoul Zare. "Fungi as biological control agents of plant-parasitic nematodes”. Plant Defence: Biological Control (2020): 333-384.
15. Khan Mujeebur Rahman., et al. "Root–Knot Nematodes in Vegetables and Ornamentals and Their Management by Novel Biological and Biotechnological Tools”. Novel Biological and Biotechnological Applications in Plant Nematode Management. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, (2023): 261-288.
16. Bontempo Amanda Ferreira., et al. "Dose-response effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne incognita on carrot under field conditions”. Revista Caatinga30 (2017): 258-262.
17. Ciancio Aurelio., et al. "Formulation of Pochonia chlamydosporia for plant and nematode management”. Bioformulations: for sustainable agriculture (2016): 177-197.
18. Mingot-Ureta Cristina., et al. "Isolates of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia are endophytic in banana roots and promote plant growth”. Agronomy9 (2020): 1299.
19. Dhawan S C and Satyandra Singh. "Biomanagement of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by egg parasitic fungus, (Pochonia chlamydosporia) on Okra”. Vegetable Science02 (2011): 128-134.
20. Khan Mujeebur Rahman and Ziaul Haque. "Methods of assay and detection of nematodes in plant and soil”. Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Sustainable Management. Academic Press, (2023): 27-54.
21. Uddin Muhammad Nazir., et al. "Evaluation of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) isolates for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, root-knot nematode of tomato”. Journal of Agricultural Science5 (2019): 70.
22. Dhawan S C and Satyandra Singh. "Biomanagement of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by egg parasitic fungus, (Pochonia chlamydosporia) on Okra”. Vegetable Science02 (2011): 128-134.
23. Chandrawat B S., et al. "Bio-agents: A source for initiation of defence enzymes in chilli infected with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies6 (2020): 1684-1688.
24. Mukhtar Tariq., et al. "Biocontrol potential of Pasteuria penetrans, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita in okra”. Phytopathologia Mediterranea (2013): 66-76.
25. Naz Ishrat., et al. "Biological control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro, greenhouse and field in cucumber”. Biological Control152 (2021): 104429.
26. Khan Mujeebur Rahman., et al. "Management of root-knot disease in eggplant through the application of biocontrol fungi and dry neem leaves”. Turkish Journal of Biology2 (2012): 161-169.
27. Bhati S S., et al. "Bio-agents: An effective method for suppression of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) As seed treatment”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies5 (2019): 1197-1201.
28. Rao MS., et al. "Bio-intensive management of root-knot nematodes on bell pepper using Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens”. Nematologia Mediterranea (2004).
29. Nisha M S., et al. "Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in bittergourd using bioagents and organic amendment". (2017).
30. Bhati S S., et al. "Impact of bio-agents against meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house”. Biological Forum–An International Journal2 (2022).
31. Mondal S., et al. "Efficacy of some bioagents in managing root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Bittergourd”. Indian Journal of Plant Protection1-2 (2020).

Citation

Citation: Trivedi Nidhi S., et al. “Biocontrol Potential of Pochonia chlamydosporia Against Meloidogyne incognita in Okra". Acta Scientific Microbiology 8.2 (2025): 04-09.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2025 Chinmay Joshi.., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.