Saya Tyagi¹, Nandini Rastogi¹, Varsha Gupta¹, Imtiyaz Qayoom²* and Rashmi Tripathi¹*

¹Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
²Division of Aquatic Environmental Management, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K, India

*Corresponding Author: Rashmi Tripathi, Assistant Professor, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali and Imtiyaz Qayoom, Assistant Professor, Division of Aquatic Environmental Management, Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K, India.

Received: December 21, 2023; Published: January 24, 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess Sodium fluoride's toxic effects on the hematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Sodium fluoride is a major pollutant in aquatic environment and exposure to sodium fluoride in the environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish. In most aquatic habitats, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of sodium fluoride. Juvenile C. batrachus (length 13.4 ± 1.3 cm, and weight 24.3 ± 3.5 g) were exposed to sodium fluoride at different concentrations (34.975 mg/l and 87.43 mg/L)for ten days. The hematological parameters were examined, including RBC, WBC count, PCV, clotting time, hemoglobin%, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. The parameters such as RBCs, Hb%, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC PCV substantially decreased whereas, WBC count was found to be increased in experimental groups. The derived hematological indices of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were equally altered compared to control. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to Sodium fluoride is toxic to C. batrachus and induces alterations in the hematological parameters.

Keywords: Clarias batrachus; Hematology; Sodium Fluoride; Toxicity; Low and High Dose

References

1. Peckham Stephen and Niyi Awofeso. "Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention”. The Scientific World Journal2014 (2014).
2. Brindha Karthikeyan., et al. "Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: managed aquifer recharge for mitigation”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research23 (2016): 8302-8316.
3. Mukherjee Indrani and Umesh Kumar Singh. "Groundwater fluoride contamination, probable release, and containment mechanisms: a review on Indian context”. Environmental Geochemistry and Health6 (2018): 2259-2301.
4. Narwaria Y S and D N Saksena. "Acute toxicity bioassay and behavioural responses induced by sodium fluoride in freshwater fish Puntius sophore (bloch)”. Fluoride1 (2012): 7-12.
5. Neuhold John M and William F Sigler. "Effects of sodium fluoride on carp and rainbow trout”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society4 (1960): 358-370.
6. Bajpai S and M Tripathi. "Retardation of growth after fluoride exposure in catfish, Heteropneustis fossilis (Bloch)”. Bioresources for Rural Livelihood1 (2010): 167-173.
7. Tripathi, P., and N. Sultana. "Fluoride Content in Ground Water of Some Rural Communities of Dist. Unnao (UP)”. Ecology Environment and Conservation2 (2006): 279.
8. Dey Sananda and Biplab Giri. "Fluoride fact on human health and health problems: a review”. Medical and Clinical Reviews1 (2016).
9. Jha Awadhesh N. "Genotoxicological studies in aquatic organisms: an overview”. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis1-2 (2004): 1-17.
10. Alyakrinskyaya I O and S N Dolgova. "Hematological features of young sturgeons”. Vopr Ikhtiol4 (1984): 135-139.
11. APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19^th (1995).
12. Banerjea S M. "Water quality and soil condition of fish ponds in some states of India in relation to fish production”. Indian Journal of Fisheries1,2 (1967): 115-144.
13. Kumawat Naresh Kumar, et al. "Ligand engineering to improve the luminance efficiency of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal based light-e.mitting diodes”. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C25 (2018): 13767-13773.
14. Sabullah M K., et al. "Heavy metal biomarker: Fish behavior, cellular alteration, enzymatic reaction and proteomics approaches”. International Food Research Journal (2015).
15. Chatterjee S and S Ganguli. "Effect of mahua oil cake on the blood of the fish Clarias batrachus”. Environment and Ecology. Kalyani4 (1993): 888-891.
16. Sampath K., et al. "Effects of copper and zinc on blood parameters and prediction of their recovery in Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces: Cichilidae)”. Indian Journal of Fisheries2 (1998): 129-139.
17. Abbas Maryam., et al. "Haematological evaluation of sodium fluoride toxicity in oryctolagus cunniculus”. Toxicology Reports4 (2017): 450-454.
18. Guru Sunil Kumar and Rajesh Behera. "Changes in some haematological parameters induced on exposure to a sub-lethal dose of fluoride (NaF) in the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (BLOCH)”.
19. Kumar Anand., et al. "Fluoride-induced biochemical changes in fresh water catfish (Clarias batrachus, Linn.)”.Fluoride1 (2007): 37-41.
20. Saxena R., et al. "Fluoride induced haematological alterations in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus”. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health1 (2001): 139-146.
21. Dai Lu., et al. "Prognostic value of preoperative red cell distribution width: fine-tuning by mean corpuscular volume”. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery6 (2019): 1830-1838.
22. Gattermann, Norbert, et al. "The evaluation of iron deficiency and iron overload”. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International49 (2021): 847.
23. Gligoroska Jasmina Pluncevic., et al. "Red blood cell variables in children and adolescents regarding the age and sex”. Iranian Journal of Public Health4 (2019): 704.

Citation

Citation: Imtiyaz Qayoom., et al. “Hematological Response of Clarias batrachus to Sodium Fluoride-Induced Toxicity".Acta Scientific Microbiology 7.2 (2024): 93-101.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Imtiyaz Qayoom., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.