Chala Dima¹*, Kebede Abdisa² and Demeke Zewde¹

¹Animal Health Institute (AHI), Viral Immunology, Sebeta, Ethiopia
²Ambo University, Mamo Mezemir Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ambo, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author: Chala Dima, Animal Health Institute (AHI), Viral Immunology, Sebeta, Ethiopia.

Received: December 01, 2023; Published: January 10, 2024

Abstract

Background: Bovine herpesvirus-1 is responsible for the development of severe respiratory infections, and commonly causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle. However, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis has not been brought under control in Ethiopia because of a lack of well-organized disease impact assessment, the absence of identification of an associated risk factor, and the limitation of causative agent identification. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 and its associated risk factors in dairy animals in the study area.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection from March 2021 to November 2021 in selected dairy farms in Holeta Town, Ethiopia. A total of 390 serum samples were collected from 16 randomly selected dairy herds and tested using indirect antibody detection indirect-ELISA. Both Pearson’s chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to compare the associations between BoHV-1 sero-positivity and postulated risk factors.

Results: The overall seroprevalence of the disease in the study area was 32.6% (n = 127, 95%CI: 28.1% - 37.4%) and 93.75% (n = 15) at animal and herd levels, respectively. Based on a multivariable logistic regression model, respiratory problems (AOR = 18.79, 95%CI: 5.23 – 67.55; ρ <0.001), and abortion (AOR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10 – 0.90; ρ = 0.033) were significantly associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in the study area.

Conclusion: It was concluded that bovine herpesvirus-1 infection circulates in almost all dairy farms. Thus, virus isolation and characterization are mandatory. Hence, effective prevention and control strategies must be implemented to counter losses incurred by the virus.

Keywords: Bovine Herpesvirus 1; Dairy Farms; Holeta; Risk Factors; Seroprevalence

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Citation

Citation: Chala Dima., et al. “Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Seroprevalence and its Associated Risk Factors in Dairy Farms in Holeta Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia".Acta Scientific Microbiology 7.2 (2024): 32-41.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Chala Dima., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.