Tanvi Panchal, Hemangi Jatiya, Shivani Chaudhary, Sarita Sharma* and Meenu Saraf

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

*Corresponding Author: Sarita Sharma, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Received: April 17, 2023; Published: May 03, 2023

Abstract

As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for food becomes increasingly important, which results in the use of chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are used in agriculture to increase crop yields and provide essential nutrients to plants, but they contain harmful chemicals that can have negative effects on the environment, such as degrading soil, reducing fertility, increasing pest resistance, causing heavy metal precipitation in soil, etc., and also have been linked to health problems such as cancer, birth defects, etc. To address these negative effects, there has been a growing movement towards sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming and regenerative agriculture. These practices prioritize soil health, crop diversity, and natural pest control methods, which can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and promote more sustainable food production. Household vegetative waste management has been a major issue in most urban communities. Cow dung causes unpleasant odours, pollutes the environment, can become vectors of disease, and produces the largest greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane gas (CH₄). Biofertilizers are basically microbial inoculants that, when applied to soil, plants, or seeds, boost plant growth and development by increasing the delivery of vital nutrients or chemicals that promote plant growth, as well as increasing soil fertility. PGPR colonizes plant roots and stimulates plant development through a number of processes, such as phosphate solubilization, phytohormone synthesis, antifungal activity, and others. So, the preparation of biofertilizers from household vegetative waste and cow dung (used as a carrier) by using the co-inoculum of PGPR could be an alternative to all existing problems arising due to the use of chemical fertilizers. This review describes problems occurring due to chemical fertilizer, household vegetative waste, and cow dung, and solutions to the problem, i.e., biofertilizer, and the use of PGPR for sustainable agriculture.

 Keywords: Biofertilizer; Vegetative Waste; Cow Dung; PGPR; Carrier-Based Biofertilizer

References

1. Abo-Elyousr KA and Mohamed HM. “Note biological control of Fusarium wilt in tomato by plant growth-promoting yeasts and rhizobacteria”. The Plant Pathology Journal2 (2009): 199-204.
2. Agriculture budget report 2022; agriculture and food management; from food security to nutritional security.
3. Akgül D S and Mirik M. “Biocontrol of Phytophthora capsici on pepper plants by Bacillus megaterium strains”. Journal of Plant Pathology (2008): 29-34.
4. Akhtar M S and Siddiqui Z A. “Glomus intraradices, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Bacillus pumilus: effective agents for the control of root-rot disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)”. Journal of General Plant Pathology 74 (2008): 53-60.
5. Akhtar M S and Siddiqui Z A. “Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for the biocontrol of root-rot disease complex of chickpea”. Australasian Plant Pathology 38 (2009): 44-50.
6. Alam MS., et al. “Grain yield and related physiological characteristics of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) inoculated with free-living rhizobacteria”. Plant Production Science2 (2001): 126-130.
7. Alexander M. “Introduction to soil microbiology”. Wiley, New York (1977).
8. Aliye N., et al. “Evaluation of rhizosphere bacterial antagonists for their potential to bioprotect potato (Solanum tuberosum) against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)”. Biological Control3 (2008): 282-288.
9. Altindag M., et al. “Biological control of brown rot (Moniliana laxa) on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Hacıhalilog˘lu) by Bacillus, Burkholdria, and Pseudomonas application under in vitro and in vivo conditions”. Biological Control 38 (2006): 369-372.
10. Amir H G., et al. “Enhancement in nutrient accumulation and growth of oil palm seedlings caused by PGPR under field nursery conditions”. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis15-16 (2005): 2059-2066.
11. Andreoglou F I., et al. “Influence of temperature on the motility of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and control of Globodera rostochiensis”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry8 (2003): 1095-1101.
12. Antoun H and Prévost D. “Ecology of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria”. PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization (2006): 1-38.
13. Arshad M., et al. “Inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase partially eliminates the effects of drought stress on growth, yield, and ripening of pea (Pisum sativum)”. Pedosphere 18.5 (2008): 611-620.
14. Bashir T., et al. “Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in combination with plant growth regulators attenuate the effect of drought stress”. Pakistan Journal of Botany3 (2020): 783-792.
15. Basu A., et al. “Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as green bioinoculants: recent developments, constraints, and prospects”. Sustainability3 (2021): 1140.
16. Chandini K R., et al. “The impact of chemical fertilizers on our environment and ecosystem”. Chief Ed 35 (2019): 69.
17. Dabhi J., et al. “Bioremediation of Heavy Metals: A brand New Methodology to Sustainable Agriculture”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology6 (2021): 6031-6049.
18. Daniel AI., et al. “Biofertilizer: the future of food security and food safety”. Microorganisms 10.6 (2022): 1220.
19. Dashti N., et al. “Isolation and characterization of novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) rhizospherical soil: A novel IAA producing bacteria”. Kuwait Journal of Science 48.2 (2021).
20. Daud NS., et al. “Paenibacillus polymyxa bioactive compounds for agricultural and biotechnological applications”. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 18 (2019): 101092.
21. Duan B., et al. “1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve drought stress tolerance in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”. Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (2021): 706990.
22. El-Ghamry A M., et al. “Organic Fertilizers Derived from Farm By-Products for Sustainable Agriculture. -A Review”. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering12 (2019): 815-819.
23. Enebe MC and Babalola OO. “The influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plant tolerance to abiotic stress: a survival strategy”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102 (2018): 7821-7835.
24. Gaur VK., et al. “Assessing the impact of industrial waste on environment and mitigation strategies: A comprehensive review”. Journal of Hazardous Materials 398 (2020): 123019.
25. Gupta K K., et al. “Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for sustainable development”. Bioresources and Bioprocessing 3 (2016): 1-11.
26. Arcuri A and Hendlin Y H. “The chemical anthropocene: glyphosate as a case study of pesticide exposures”. King's Law Journal2 (2019): 234-253.
27. Hassan M K., et al. “The interactions of rhizodeposits with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere: a review”. Agriculture7 (2019): 142.
28. https://agriculturistmusa.com/importance-uses-of-biofertilizers
29. https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/agri-inputs/bio-inputs/bioinputs-for-nutrient-management/biofertilizers
30. https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india
31. https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/agriculture-natural-resources-andindustry/agribusiness-farmers-and-ranchers/crops-and-irrigation/soils-fertility-andnutrients/sulphur-fertilization-in-crop-production
32. Hussain A., et al. “Production and implication of bio-activated organic fertilizer enriched with zinc-solubilizing bacteria to boost up maize (Zea mays) production and biofortification under two cropping seasons”. Agronomy 10.1 (2019): 39.
33. Ibiene A A., et al. “Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer: Effect on the growth of Lycopersicum esculentus”. Journal of American Science2 (2012): 318-324.
34. Kaloterakis N., et al. “Silicon application and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consisting of six pure Bacillus species alleviate salinity stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)”. Scientia Horticulturae 288 (2021): 110383.
35. Kang S M., et al. “Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sesame Seedlings with Gibberellin-Producing Rhodobacter sphaeroides SIR03 and Biochar”. International Journal of Plant Biology3 (2022): 257-269.
36. Kaymak HC. “The potential of PGPR in agricultural innovations”. Plant Growth and Health Promoting Bacteria (2011): 45-79.
37. Kumar R., et al. “Chapter-5 the impact of chemical fertilizers on our environment and ecosystem”. Chief Ed 35 (2019): 69.
38. Maji S., et al. “Agricultural waste: Its impact on environment and management approaches”. Emerging Eco-Friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment (2020): 329-351.
39. Martynenko E., et al. “Effects of phytohormone-producing rhizobacteria on casparian band formation, ion homeostasis and salt tolerance of durum wheat”. Biomolecules2 (2022): 230.
40. Matse D T., et al. “Effects of co-inoculation of Rhizobium with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the nitrogen fixation and nutrient uptake of Trifolium repens in low phosphorus soil”. Journal of Plant Nutrition 5 (2020): 739-752.
41. Mekureyaw M F., et al. “The cytokinin-producing plant beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 primes tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for enhanced drought stress responses”. Journal of Plant Physiology 270 (2022): 153629.
42. Mishra O P., et al. “Cow dung an undeciphered boon: An overview” (2020).
43. Mohammadi K and Sohrabi Y. “Bacterial biofertilizers for sustainable crop production: a review”. ARPN Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 5 (2012): 307-316.
44. Mumtaz M Z., et al. “Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in combating abiotic and biotic stresses in plants”. In Microbial BioTechnology for Sustainable Agriculture Volume 1 (2022): 43-104.
45. Nosheen S., et al. “Microbes as biofertilizers, a potential approach for sustainable crop production”. Sustainability4 (2021): 1868.
46. Pahalvi H N., et al. “Chemical fertilizers and their impact on soil health”. Microbiota and Biofertilizers, Vol 2: Ecofriendly Tools for Reclamation of Degraded Soil Environs (2021): 1-20.
47. Prajapati M., et al. “Rhizobacterial - Plant Interaction Approaches that Enhance Plant Growth Under Abiotic Stress”. Acta Scientific Agriculture5 (2022): 67-74.
48. Pramanik P., et al. “An indigenous strain of potassium‐solubilizing bacteria Bacillus pseudomycoides enhanced potassium uptake in tea plants by increasing potassium availability in the mica waste‐treated soil of North‐east India”. Journal of Applied Microbiology1 (2019): 215-222.
49. Pratap Singh D and Prabha R. “Bioconversion of agricultural wastes into high-value bio compost: a route to livelihood generation for farmers”. Advances in Recycling and Waste Management (2017): 137.
50. Raimi A., et al. “Biofertilizer production in Africa: current status, factors impeding adoption and strategies for success”. Scientific African 11 (2021): e00694.
51. Raj A., et al. “Cow dung for eco-friendly and sustainable productive farming”. Environmental Science10 (2014): 201-202.
52. Rochlani A., et al. “Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biofertilizers: Application in Agricultural Sustainability". Acta Scientific Microbiology 4 (2022): 12-21.
53. Saleem S., et al. “Phytobeneficial and salt stress mitigating efficacy of IAA producing salt tolerant strains in Gossypium hirsutum”. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences9 (2021): 5317-5324.
54. Sapronova Z., et al. “Use of municipal vegetative waste as raw material for sorbent production”. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 687.6 (2019): 066061.
55. Saraf MS., et al. “Production and optimization of siderophore from plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria”. Scholar press (2017): 1-85.
56. Shaikh NB., et al. “Rhizobacteria that Promote Plant Growth and their Impact on Root System Architecture, Root Development, and Function". Acta Scientific Microbiology4 (2022): 53-62.
57. Sharma S., et al. “Biofilm: Used as A Brand-new Technology in Bioremediation”. Vidya; A Journal of Gujarat University2 (2021b): 9-116.
58. Sharma S., et al. “Phytomining of Heavy Metals: A Green Technology to Sustainable Agriculture”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 6 (2021a): 7527-7538.
59. Sharma S., et al. “Salinity Management in Glycine Max L. Using Cytokinin from Rhizobacteria Isolated from Mines and Dump Sites”. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences 5 (2022c): 556047.
60. Sharma S and Saraf M. “Isolation, Screening, and Biochemical characterizations with multiple traits of Heavy Metal Tolerant Rhizobacteria from Mining Area and Landfill site”. Advances in Bioresearch 1 (2022a): 147-156.
61. Sharma P and Badhan R. “Employment of agro waste to develop biofertilizer and its effect on Solanum melongena depressum cv. Pragati (Chu Chu)”. International Journal of Agriculture and Plant Science 2.3 (2020): 15-21.
62. Suthar H., et al. “Fermentation: a process for biofertilizer production. Microorganisms for Green Revolution: Volume 1”. Microbes for Sustainable Crop Production (2017): 229-252.
63. Swarnalakshmi K., et al. “Significance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in grain legumes: Growth promotion and crop production”. Plants 11 (2020): 1596.
64. Tavallali V., et al. “Zinc alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. ‘Badami’) seedlings”. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry4 (2010): 349-359.
65. Vij S and Mishra M RD. “Cow Dung for Sustainable Development”. Elementary Education Online 4 (2021): 2677-2677.

Citation

Citation: Sarita Sharma., et al. “Biofertilizer from Vegetative Waste and Animal Excretory Waste by Using PGPR - A Way for Sustainable Agriculture". Acta Scientific Microbiology 6.6 (2023): 11-23.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Sarita Sharma., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.