Acta Scientific Microbiology (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Research Article Volume 6 Issue 2

A.paniculata extracts reverse LPS induced inflammation Via Suppression of Serum Amyloid A and NLRP3 Mediated Inflammasome Pathway

Pawan Kumar Anoor1, Aare Nichita1, Karthik Rajkumar1, Srinivas Naik2 and Sandeepta Burgula3*

1Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

2Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

3Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India

*Corresponding Author: Sandeepta Burgula, Professor, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.

Received: January 09, 2023; Published: January 19, 2023

Abstract

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is known to be one of the earliest acute phase response proteins to be elevated in infections. Its role in LPS induced inflammatory conditions is being studied for devising strategies to modulate acute phase response. Present study involves analyzing the effect of Gram negative bacterial LPS on the expression of SAA and role of a traditional herb Andrographis paniculata on this expression. Plant extracts have been traditionally used since centuries as a means of treating infections. A. paniculata is one such herb extensively utilized in multiple continents for treating inflammatory conditions, infections and even cancer. While testing LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, it was observed that K. pneumoniae LPS showed maximum induction of SAA expression. On screening of patients suffering with bacterial sepsis, a general trend of high SAA expression was observed in patients showing poor outcome. K. pneumoniae LPS induced SAA levels were observed to be reversed by A. paniculata (Ap) methanolic extracts. Interestingly, the extracts also reduced LPS induced inflammatory cytokines- TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and Caspase-8 activation, indicating, reversal of apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death. The extracts also reduced the expression of the inflammatory enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2. Upon immunoblotting, it was observed that activation of NFκB and phosphorylation of ERK were significantly inhibited by Ap extracts, indicating that this might be the mechanism of reversal of pyroptosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings are useful to state the importance of A. paniculata extracts in alleviating adverse effects of the immune response and host survival.

Keywords: Serum Amyloid A; Inflammation; Andrographis paniculata; TNF-α; IL-1β

References

  1. K B Laupland., et al. “Determinants of temperature abnormalities and influence on outcome of critical illness*:”. Critical Care Medicine1 (2012): 145-151.
  2. S Öncü. “A clinical outline to fever in intensive care patients”. Minerva Anestesiology4 (2013): 408-418.
  3. C Pierrakos and JL Vincent. “Sepsis biomarkers: a review”. Critical Care1 (2010): R15.
  4. E Bilavsky., et al. “C-reactive protein as a marker of serious bacterial infections in hospitalized febrile infants”. Acta Paediatric11 (2009): 1776-1780.
  5. Kordek M Hałasa and W Podraza. “Early detection of an early onset infection in the neonate based on measurements of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations in cord blood”. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine8 (2008): 1143-1148.
  6. J P S Caldas., et al. “Accuracy of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha for diagnosing late neonatal sepsis”. Journal of Pediatrics (Rio J)6 (2008): 536-542.
  7. Z Yu., et al. “The accuracy of the procalcitonin test for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis”. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases10 (2010): 723-733.
  8. B S Naher., et al. “Role of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis”. Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin2 (2011): 40-46.
  9. S Urieli-Shoval., et al. “Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states”. Current Opinion in Hematology1 (2000): 64-69.
  10. D B Jovanović. “Clinical importance of determination of serum amyloid A”. Srp Arh Celok Lek7-8 (2004): 267-271.
  11. S Arnon., et al. “Serum amyloid A protein is a useful inflammatory marker during late-onset sepsis in preterm infants”. Biology Neonate2 (2005): 105-110.
  12. S Arnon., et al. “Serum amyloid A: an early and accurate marker of neonatal early-onset sepsis”. Journal of Perinatology5 (2007): 297-302.
  13. WF Chiou., et al. “Mechanisms of suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells by andrographolide”. British Journal of Pharmacology8 (2000): 1553-1560.
  14. AA Abu-Ghefreh., et al. “In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of andrographolide”. International Immunopharmacology3 (2009): 313-318.
  15. S Abutbul., et al. “Screening of desert plants for use against bacterial pathogens in fish”. (2005).
  16. G Pandey and S Madhuri. “Significance of fruits and vegetables in malnutrition cancer”. (2010).
  17. S Ravikumar., et al. “Bioactive potential of seagrass bacteria against human bacterial pathogens”. Journal of Environmental Biology3 (2010): 387-389.
  18. G Pandey., et al. “Medicinal plants useful in fish diseases”. Plant Archives 12 (2014).
  19. S Umamaheswari and P S Mainzen Prince. “Antihyperglycaemic effect of ‘Ilogen-Excel’, an ayurvedic herbal formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus”. ACTA POLONIAE PHARMACEUTICA 1 (2007): 53-61.
  20. P Misra., et al. “Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) against Plasmodium berghei NK 65 in Mastomys natalensis”. International Journal of Pharmacognosy4 (1992): 263-274.
  21. P K Singha., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata”. Fitoterapia 74.7-8 (2003): 692-694.
  22. S Holt and L Comac. “Miracle herbs: how herbs combine with modern medicine to treat cancer, heart disease, AIDS, and more”. Secaucus, N.J: Carol Pub. Group, (1998).
  23. R Ajaya Kumar., et al. “Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology2-3 (2004): 291-295.
  24. F Martinon., et al. “The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta”. Molecular Cell2 (2002): 417-426.
  25. SA Lee., et al. “Plasma interleukin-1β, -6, -8 and tumor necrosis factor-α as highly informative markers of pelvic inflammatory disease”. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine7 (2008).
  26. M Singh., et al. “Antimicrobial activities of Indian Berberis species”. Fitoterapia 7-8 (2007): 574-576.
  27. E C Yi and M Hackett. “Rapid isolation method for lipopolysaccharide and lipid A from gram-negative bacteria”. Analyst4 (2000): 651-656.
  28. YD Karkhanis., et al. “A new and improved microassay to determine 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria”. Analytical Biochemistry2 (1978): 595-601.
  29. M Sunayana and M Reddy. “Determination of Keto-deoxy-d-manno-8-octanoic acid (KDO) from Lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli”. BIO-PROTOCOL24 (2015).
  30. S Mera., et al. “Multiplex cytokine profiling in patients with sepsis”. APMIS2 (2011): 155-163.
  31. D Carbonnelle., et al. “A Novel Indole-3-propanamide Exerts Its Immunosuppressive Activity by Inhibiting JAK3 in T Cells”. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2 (2009): 710-716.
  32. R Kitz and IB Wilson. “Esters of methanesulfonic acid as irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 237 (1962): 3245-3249.
  33. V R Mohan. “GC-MS analysis of Polygala rosmarinifolia Wights and Arn”. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 4 (2012): 188-190.
  34. G Serban., et al. “2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole as a potential scaffold for promising antimicrobial agents”. DDDT 12 (2018): 1545-1566.
  35. “Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.-A review”. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 3 (2019): 126-136.
  36. T Okada., et al. “Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants: The Importance of Multivariate Analysis of Analytical Chemistry Data”. CAD3 (2010): 179-196.
  37. YX Yang., et al. “Synthesis of 5α-cholestan-6-one derivatives and their inhibitory activities of NO production in activated microglia: Discovery of a novel neuroinflammation inhibitor”. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 4 (2014): 1222-1227.
  38. C Rogério Figueiredo., et al. “Antitumor Activity of Kielmeyera Coriacea Leaf Constituents in Experimental Melanoma, Tested in Vitro and in Vivo in Syngeneic Mice”. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2014).
  39. X Yi., et al. “A novel bispidinone analog induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells”. Oncology Reports3 (2015): 1526-1532.
  40. A Pal., et al. “GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in the methanol extract of Clerodendrum viscosum leaves”. Pharmacognosy Research1 (2015): 110.
  41. I Sagbo., et al. “Phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethanol extract of Scambiosa Columbabria L”. Pharmacognosy Research1 (2020): 35.
  42. H Zhang., et al. “Fucoxanthin: A Promising Medicinal and Nutritional Ingredient”. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015): 1-10.
  43. J Peng., et al. “Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid Present in Brown Seaweeds and Diatoms: Metabolism and Bioactivities Relevant to Human Health”. Marine Drugs10 (2011): 1806-1828.
  44. F Mujeeb., et al. “Phytochemical Evaluation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Determination of Bioactive Components from Leaves of Aegle marmelos”. BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1-11.
  45. A F R Maharan. “Phytochemical and gc-ms analysis of oleoresin of dipterocarpus gracilis blume: as a basic consideration for human remedy”. IJPSR5 (2019).
  46. J Li., et al. “Prenylated benzenepropanoic acid analogues from the Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity”. Fitoterapia 139 (2019): 104410.
  47. S De., et al. “Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm”. Pharmacognosy Journal6 (2013): 265-268.
  48. A Michaeli., et al. “Serum amyloid A enhances plasminogen activation: Implication for a role in colon cancer”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications2 (2008): 368-373.
  49. H Kumar., et al. “Toll-like receptors and innate immunity”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 4 (2009): 621-625.
  50. H Hemmi and S Akira. “TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells”. Chemical Immunology Allergy 86 (2005): 120-135.
  51. S L Young., et al. “Expression of Toll-like receptors in human endometrial epithelial cells and cell lines”. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1 (2004): 67-73.
  52. A Maxia., et al. “Anti-inflammatory activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil: involvement of IL-6 and TNF-alpha”. Natural Product Communications10 (2011): 1543-1544.
  53. R R El-Tahan., et al. “TNF-α gene polymorphisms and expression”. SpringerPlus 5.1 (2016): 1508.
  54. M Mihara., et al. “IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions”. Clinical Science4 (2012): 143-159.
  55. J L Ather., et al. “Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotes Th17 Allergic Asthma in Mice”. The Journal of Immunology1 (2011): 64-73.
  56. C Jin and R A Flavell. “Molecular Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation”. Journal of Clinical Immunology5 (2010): 628-631.
  57. M Rasool., et al. “Anti-inflammatory effect of Spirulina fusiformis on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice”. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 12 (2006): 2483-2487.
  58. I Rahman. “Regulation of nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1, and glutathione levels by tumor necrosis factor-α and dexamethasone in alveolar epithelial cells”. Biochemical Pharmacology8 (2000): 1041-1049.
  59. E Karmakar., et al. “Seedpod extracts of Wrightia tinctoria shows significant anti-inflammatory effects in HepG2 and RAW-264.7cell lines”. Natural Product Research (2022): 1-5.
  60. KN Kim., et al. “Fucoxanthin inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages”. European Journal of Pharmacology1-3 (2010): 369-375.
  61. N Hui., et al. “Xylitol nasal preparations in sinonasal disease: a literature review and meta-analysis”. Australian Journal of Otolaryngology 5 (2022): 8-8.

Citation

Citation: Sandeepta Burgula., et al.A.paniculata extracts reverse LPS induced inflammation Extracts Reverse LPS Induced Inflammation Via Suppression of Serum Amyloid A and NLRP3 Mediated Inflammasome Pathway". Acta Scientific Microbiology 6.2 (2023): 67-79.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Sandeepta Burgula., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US