Acta Scientific Microbiology (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Research Article Volume 6 Issue 1

Molecular Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA Gene in Upper Gastrointestinal Disease Suspected Patients Living in Shendi Locality, Sudan

Amel Abd Elhafeez S Ali1*, Hadia Abass Eltaib1, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf1, Mazin Babekir Musa Bashir1 and Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish2

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan

2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan

*Corresponding Author: Amel Abd Elhafeez S Ali, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan.

Received: November 15, 2022; Published: December 29, 2022

Abstract

Over half of the world's population are chronically infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the only bacterium that the WHO has classified as a carcinogen due to its connection to the emergence of gastric cancer. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of H. pylori in a patient suspected with upper gastrointestinal (UGIT) disease using ICT and nested PCR as well as detection of the CagA gene in the Shendi locality. A total of 100 stool samples were collected from patients with UGIT symptoms (60% males and 40% females) with a mean age of 37.2 11.8. Samples were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori antigen by using rapid ICT test , while nested PCR was used to detect H. pylori and its associated CagA gene. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using (SPSS version 22). Our findings show that the frequency of H. pylori among patients is 89% by ICT and 65% by PCR, respectively. However, the frequency of CagA gene among positive PCR patients was 58.5%. We conclude that there was a high prevalence of H. pylori infection with a high CagA gene producing strain among Sudanese patients in the Shendi locality.

Keywords: H. pylori; CagA Gene; ICT; Nested PCR; Stool Sample; Sudan

References

  1. Graham DY., et al. “Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on the long-term recurrence of gastric or duodenal ulcer: a randomized, controlled study”. Annals of Internal Medicine9 (1992): 705-708.
  2. Humans IWGotEoCRt. “Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori”. International Agency for Research on Cancer 61 (1994).
  3. Marshall BJ., et al. “Pyloric Campylobacter infection and gastroduodenal disease”. Medical Journal of Australia 8 (1985): 439-444.
  4. Tomb JF., et al. “The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori”. Nature 6642 (1997): 539-547.
  5. Rajindrajith S., et al. “Helicobacter pylori infection in children”. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association2 (2009): 86.
  6. Smolka AJ and Backert S. “How Helicobacter pylori infection controls gastric acid secretion”. Journal of Gastroenterology 6 (2012): 609-618.
  7. Torres J., et al. “A comprehensive review of the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in children”. Archives of Medical Research5 (2000): 431-469.
  8. Abdallah TM., et al. “Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in Eastern Sudan”. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease2 (2014): 115-119.
  9. Burucoa C., et al. “Comparative Evaluation of 29 Commercial Helicobacter pylori Serological Kits”. Helicobacter 3 (2013): 169-179.
  10. Bland MV., et al. “The action of bismuth against Helicobacter pylori mimics but is not caused by intracellular iron deprivation”. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy6 (2004): 1983-1988.
  11. Ermis F and Tasci ES. “Current Helicobacter pylori treatment in 2014”. World Journal of Methodology2 (2015): 101.
  12. McNulty CA., et al. “Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Campylobacter pyloridis to 11 antimicrobial agents”. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy6 (2985): 837-838.
  13. Appelmelk BJ., et al. “Phase Variation in Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide due to Changes in the Lengths of Poly (C) Tracts in α3-Fucosyltransferase Genes”. Infection and Immunity10 (1999): 5361-5366.
  14. Viala J., et al. “Nod1 responds to peptidoglycan delivered by the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island”. Nature Immunology11 (2004): 1166-1174.
  15. Handbook BDP. WWW. QIAGEN. COM. Gmbh, Germany, June, (2005).
  16. Makristathis A., et al. “Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens by PCR and antigen enzyme immunoassay”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology9 (1998): 2772-2774.
  17. Smith SI., et al. “Molecular typing of Salmonella spp isolated from food handlers and animals in Nigeria”. International Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics1 (2011): 73.
  18. Mitipat N., et al. “The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Chon Buri, Thailand”. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health2 (2005): 341-346.
  19. Tanih NF., et al. “Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in South African patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases”. Acta tropica1 (2010): 68-73.
  20. Bjorkman DJ and Steenblik M. “Best practice recommendations for diagnosis and Management of Helicobacter pylori—synthesizing the guidelines”. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology4 (2017): 648-659.
  21. Mohammed Shams Alfalah AAEA., et al. “Comparative Study of ICT Stool Antigen, Serum and ELISA Techniques in detection of Helicobacter pylori among sudanese food handler”. International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research8 (2019): 5-6.
  22. Kuipers EJ., et al. “Quasispecies development of Helicobacter pylori observed in paired isolates obtained years apart from the same host”. The Journal of Infectious Diseases1 (2000): 273-282.
  23. Sicinschi LA., et al. “Detection and typing of Helicobacter pylori cagA/vacA genes by radioactive, one-step polymerase chain reaction in stool samples from children”. Journal of Microbiological Methods2 (2003): 197-207.
  24. Persson C., et al. “ pylori seropositivity before age 40 and subsequent risk of stomach cancer: a glimpse of the true relationship?” PloS one 6.3 (2011): e17404.
  25. Jaeger EE., et al. “Rapid Detection and Identification of Candida, Aspergillus, and Fusarium Species in Ocular Samples Using Nested PCR”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology8 (2000): 2902-2908.
  26. Bindayna KM., et al. “Detection of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene in gastric biopsies, clinical isolates and faeces”. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology3 (2006): 195-200.
  27. Salih KM., et al. “Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among Sudanese children admitted to a specialized children hospital”. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics1 (2017): 14.
  28. Inelmen EM., et al. “Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in hospitalised elderly patients: the stool antigen test (HpSA) in comparison with other methods”. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research5 (2004): 349-355.
  29. Saleh P., et al. “The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea”. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases1 (2018).
  30. Porras C., et al. “Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in six Latin American countries (SWOG Trial S0701)”. Cancer Causes and Control2 (2013): 209-215.

Citation

Citation: Amel Abd Elhafeez S Ali., et al. “Molecular Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its CagA Gene in Upper Gastrointestinal Disease Suspected Patients Living in Shendi Locality, Sudan". Acta Scientific Microbiology 6.1 (2023): 70-76.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Amel Abd Elhafeez S Ali., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is October 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US