Ogbonna AI¹*, Madu JM², Onyimba IA³, Ogbonna USA⁴, Ejembi EP¹, Nwibari BMW⁵, Tanko JS⁶, Peter MK⁷, Ogbonna CIC¹, Azi S⁸ and Damen MT¹

¹Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Ogbonna AI, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Received: October 10, 2022; Published: November 07, 2022

Abstract

Studies were carried out on the effects of aqueous leaf, stem bark and root extracts of Securidaca longipedunculata. Fresen (violet tree) on diabetic albino rats. The powdered plant parts were extracted using water as solvent and using maceration method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biochemical components of the plant parts were carried out using standard methods. The acute toxicity study was conducted using 24 albino rats for each plant part. The effects of aqueous leaf, stem bark and root extracts of S. longipedunculata (200 mg/kg) on blood glucose in normoglycemic and alloxan diabetic rats were also investigated using 25 albino wistar rats. Two mls of each of the extracts were administered orally twice daily for 3 weeks after diabetic induction and the blood glucose level was measured on daily basis using On-call-plus glucometer. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by comparing the initial blood glucose level with that of the treated and standard. The screening of the aqueous extracts of the plant parts for biochemical composition revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites of pharmacological significance including alkaloids (15-18.40 mg/kg), cardiac glycosides (23.30-26.10 mg/kg), flavonoids (23.58-31.05 mg/kg), saponins (215.60-270.59 mg/kg) and tannins (314.76-339.75 mg/kg) with tannins and saponins in larger quantities. The leaf, stem and root extracts were found to have LD₅₀ value of 490 mg/kg, 693 mg/kg and 693 mg/kg body weight respectively. The plant part extracts showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction of Blood Glucose Concentration (BGC) of 3.47, 3.96 and 4.03 mmol/dl for leaf, stem bark and root extracts respectively after the treatment period indicating that S. longipedunculata has hypoglycemic activity.

Keywords: Securidaca longipedunculata; Biochemical Components; Diabetic; Albino Rats; Extracts

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Citation

Citation: Ogbonna AI., et al. “Biochemical Composition and Effects of Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Violet Tree) on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.12 (2022): 12-22.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Ogbonna AI., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.