Bhoj R Singh¹*, Akhilesh Kumar², Ravi Kant Agrawal³, Ravichandran Karthikeyan¹, Dharmendra K Sinha¹, Vinodhkumar OR¹, Varsha Jaykumar¹, Akanksha Yadav¹ and Himani Agri²

¹Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

²Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

³Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India

*Corresponding Author: Chamari M Hettiarachchi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Received: August 16, 2022; Published: September 29, 2022

Abstract

Many herbal antimicrobial drugs, a potential alternative to antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, are commercially in the market in India and abroad. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two most commonly prescribed herbal antimicrobial drugs in India, Fifatrol (Aimil Pharmaceuticals) and Septilin (The Himalaya Drug Company), along with extracts from stems of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) oil (HBO) and Guggul (Balsamodendron mukul) oil (GO) against 80 bacterial strains belonging to 22 species of 18 genera. None of the aqueous extracts (Fifatrol, Septilin and Giloy) had antimicrobial activity even at 12.8 mg mL-1 concentration. Ethanolic extracts of Fifatrol, Septilin and Giloy inhibited the growth of 33.75%, 26.25% and 13.75% of microbes, respectively, at 1.6 mg mL-1 concentration. However, HBO and GO inhibited 86.25% and 23.75% strains of microbes, respectively at the same concentration. Though Fifatrol ethanolic extract and HBO had better activity (p, 0.01) against vancomycin-resistant bacteria than on vancomycin sensitive strains, no such difference was evident on their activity on extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, carbapenem-resistant or methicillin-resistant bacteria and ESBL non-producers, carbapenem and methicillin-sensitive strains. The study indicated that Fifatrol and Septilin were not good antimicrobials on in-vitro testing; however, HBO may have potential antimicrobial utility. At 0.64% (6.4 mg mL-1) concentration, HBO inhibited the growth of 79 out of 80 microbial strains tested, indicating its potential in the development of topical antimicrobial ointments or inhalants.

Keywords: Herbal Antimicrobials; ESBL; Carbapenem-resistance; Methicillin-resistance; Vancomycin-resistance; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Pasteurella; Brucella; Klebsiella

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Citation

Citation: Bhoj R Singh., et al. “Evaluation of Fifatrol, Septilin, Giloy (Guduchi, Tinospora cordifolia) and Oils of Guggul ( Balsamodendron mukul) and Holy Basil (Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum) for their Antimicrobial Potential".Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.10 (2022): 31-41.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Bhoj R Singh., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.