Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya^1,3, Pritee Pandey¹, Rishabh Singh¹, Shashwat Sharad² and Suman Kapur¹*

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, India

*Corresponding Author: Suman Kapur, Senior Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.

Received: June 20, 2022; Published: July 29, 2022

Abstract

Background and Objective: Chronic health complications such as obesity and diabetes are associated with disrupted energy balance and abnormal glucose metabolism. Traditional and alternative medicinal systems are used to manage obesity and diabetes due to the presence of several phytoconstituents such as polyphenol and flavonoids that possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. In the present study, we have evaluated in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties of extracts of Azadirachta indica, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Rheum palmatum.

Methods: Standard colorimetric methods were used for the estimation of total polyphenol, flavonoid, saponin, reducing sugar, glucose, and pentose sugar content. The anti-diabetic property was measured using α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Antibacterial activity was tested against gram negative bacterium Klebsiella sp. Antifungal activity was evaluated against common yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Results: It was observed that plant extracts greatly vary in their phytoconstituent and sugar content. The highest polyphenol and saponin contents were observed in Rosmarinus officinalis (2312 ± 59 µg/ml and 25423 ± 0 µg/ml, respectively), whereas Rheum palmatum showed the highest concentration of flavonoids (91125 ± 4009 µg/ml). The concentrations of total reducing sugar, glucose, and pentose sugars in all plant extracts were measured. Asparagus racemosus showed the highest concentration of reducing sugars, glucose and pentose sugars (7000 ± 149 µg/ml, 154.58 ± 5 µg/ml and 49906 ± 3052, respectively). All plant extracts displayed potent antidiabetic activity as reflected by in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay. In addition, all plant extracts showed cholesterol esterase inhibitory activity, indicating their potential role in the management of dyslipidemia. Moreover, all plant extracts showed powerful antimicrobial activities with certain plants inhibiting microbial growth of up to 100%.

Conclusions: The herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Rheum palmatum possess potent α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and may aid in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in affected individuals. Furthermore, the cholesterol esterase inhibitory properties of these plant extracts may aid in the management of dyslipidemia. Finally, the antimicrobial properties against Klebsiella and Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that these plant extracts can be useful in managing bacterial and fungal infections and may act as lead molecules for the development of potent antimicrobial agents.

Keywords: Anti-diabetic; Hyperglycemia; Antibacterial; Antifungal; Plant Extracts

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Citation

Citation: Suman Kapur., et al. “Screening of Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities of Native and Cultivated Medicinal Plants of India". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.8 (2022): 163-175.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Suman Kapur., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.