Acta Scientific Microbiology (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Review Article Volume 5 Issue 8

Innovative Disinfectant Spraying Methods to Prevent Spread of Infectious Organisms

Siddhi J Juikar* and G Raja Krishna Kumar

Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

*Corresponding Author: Siddhi J Juikar, Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Received: July 04, 2022; Published: July 25, 2022

Abstract

A pandemic health crisis has occurred throughout the world due to COVID-19 since early 2019. Several governments are targeting the control of community spread by spraying a broad range of chemical disinfectants at crowded indoor and outdoor public spaces which are likely to be highly contaminated. This has led to the use of a broad range of chemical disinfectants in public areas. The conventional disinfectant spraying practice with the existing machinery need high manpower and logistics are energy intensive. Hence there is a need for a convenient and affordable technique to spray disinfectants for efficient protection from any type of virus. To overcome the demerits of the conventional practices, an innovative practical and economical approach is discussed, taking cognizance of the regulatory framework. The described techniques are effective in the current and would also be useful in the post lockdown pandemic periods to improve overall sanitary practices and hygiene awareness, worldwide.

Keywords: Disinfectants; Pouches; Stickers; Exhaust Fan; Vehicles; Plastic Can

References

  1. Adamsa D., et al. “Evaluation of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol skin disinfectant”. Journal of Hospital Infection (2005): 287-290.
  2. Air quality.
  3. Baird R., et al. “Microbial Quality Assurance in Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Toiletries” (1996).
  4. Brooks GF., et al. “Medical Microbiology”. 23rd McGraw Hill, Singapore, (2004): 818.
  5. China drones.
  6. Chauret CP. “Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition)”. Reference Module in Food Science (2014): 360-364.
  7. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (2019).
  8. Covid research and news.
  9. Dellanno C., et al. “The antiviral action of common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitis virus, a potential surrogate for SARS coronavirus”. American Journal of Infection Control8 (2009): 649-652.
  10. Dey S and Mehta NS. “Automobile pollution control using catalysis”. Resources, Environment and Sustainability 2 (2020): 100006.
  11. EN 14476. “Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Virucidal quantitative suspension test for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in human medicine”. Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1) (2013).
  12. Eterpi M., et al. “Disinfection efficacy against parvoviruses compared with reference viruses”. Journal of Hospital Infection 73 (2009): 64-70.
  13. Goroncy-Bermes P., et al. “Impact of the amount of hand rub applied in hygienic hand disinfection on the reduction of microbial counts on hands”. Journal of Hospital Infection 74 (2010): 212-218.
  14. Goroncy-Bermes P. “Hand disinfection according to the European Standard EN 1500 (hygienic handrub): a study with gram-negative and gram-positive test organisms”. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 204 (2001): 123e6.
  15. Guideline for sodium hypochlorite.
  16. Hammond SA., et al. “Comparative susceptibility of hospital isolates of Gram-negative bacteria to antiseptics and disinfectants”. Journal of Hospital Infection (1987): 255-264.
  17. Heir E., et al. “Molecular epidemiology and disinfectant susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes from meat processing plants and human infections”. International Journal of Food Microbiology 96 (2004): 8596.
  18. Hoelzer K., et al. “Virus inactivation on hard surfaces or in suspension by chemical disinfectants: systematic review and meta-analysis of norovirus surrogates”. Journal of Food Protection 76 (2013): 1006-1016.
  19. Jennings MC., et al. “Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: An Antimicrobial Mainstay and Platform for Innovation to Address Bacterial Resistance”. ACS Infectious Diseases 1 (2015): 288.
  20. Kampf G., et al. “Efficacy of ethanol-based hand foams using clinically relevant amounts: a cross-over controlled study among healthy volunteers”. BMC Infectious Diseases 10 (2010): 78.
  21. Kampf G., et al. “Efficacy of hand rubs with a low alcohol concentration listed as effective by a national hospital hygiene society in Europe”. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 2 (2013): 19.
  22. Kampf G. “Efficacy of ethanol against viruses in hand disinfection”. Journal of Hospital Infection 98 (2018): 331-338.
  23. Kampf G., et al. “Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents”. Journal of Hospital Infection3 (2020): 246-251.
  24. Kannan S., et al. “COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019)-recent trends”. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences4 (2020): 2006-2011.
  25. Kramer A., et al. “Limited efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels”. Lancet 359 (2002): 1489e90.
  26. Law JW., et al. “Rapid methods for the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens: principles, applications, advantages and limitations”. Frontiers in Microbiology 5 (2015).
  27. Macinga DR., et al. “The relative influences of product volume, delivery format and alcohol concentration on dry-time and efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs”. BMC Infectious Diseases 14 (2014): 511.
  28. Maris P. “Modes of action of disinfectants”. Revue Scientifique Et Technique 14 (1995): 47.
  29. McDonnell G. “General mechanism of action”. In: McDonnel GE, editor. Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization. 2nd Washington DC: ASM Press (2017): 255-269.
  30. McDonnell G and Russell A D. “Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance”. Clinical Microbiology Reviews1 (1999): 147.
  31. Moore LE., et al. “In vitro study of the effect of cationic biocides on bacterial population dynamics and susceptibility”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74 (2008): 4825-4834.
  32. Morawska L and Milton DK. “It is time to address airborne transmission of COVID-19”. Clinical Infectious Diseases (2020).
  33. MSD manual.
  34. Nicole G. “Guidelines for using sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant for biological waste” 201 (2015).
  35. Okunishi J., et al. “Investigation of in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel alcohol based hand rub, MR06B7”. Yakugaku Zasshi 130 (2010): 747e54.
  36. Ortiz S., et al. “Control of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in an Iberian pork processing plant and selection of benzalkonium chloride-resistant strains”. Food Microbiology 39 (2014): 81-88.
  37. Pengcheng Li., et al. “Research on Dust Suppression Technology of Shotcrete Based on New Spray Equipment and Process Optimization”. Advances in Civil Engineering (2019).
  38. Reber H. “Disinfection proposal for definition (second international colloquim about the evaluation of disinfectants in Europe)”. Zebtra Bacteriology 157 (1973): 7.
  39. Riddell S., et al. “The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces”. Virology Journal 17 (2020): 145.
  40. Rudolf MG., et al. “Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel”. Journal of Hospital Infection 52 (2002): 141e7.
  41. Rutala WA and Weber D J. “Disinfection and sterilization in health care facilities: an overview and current issues”. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 30 (2016): 609-637.
  42. Rutala W and Weber D. “Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities” (2019).
  43. Shaocai U. “Water spray geoengineering to clean air pollution for mitigating haze in China’s cities”. Environmental Chemistry Letters1 (2014).
  44. Siddharta A., et al. “Virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended formulations against enveloped viruses, including Zika, Ebola, and emerging coronaviruses”. Journal of Infectious Disease 215 (2017): 902e6.
  45. Smither SJ., et al. “Experimental aerosol survival of SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva and tissue culture media at medium and high humidity”. Emerging Microbes and Infections 1 (2020): 1415-1417.
  46. Sodium hypochlorite.
  47. Stadnytskyi V., et al. “The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 22 (2020): 11875-11877.
  48. Su YCF., et al. “Discovery and genomic characterization of a 382-nucleotide deletion in ORF7b and ORF8 during the early evolution of SARS-CoV-2”. mBio 11 (2020): e01610-1620.
  49. Steinmann J., et al. “Virucidal activity of 2 alcohol-based formulations proposed as hand rubs by the World Health Organization”. American Journal of Infection Control 38 (2010): 66e8.
  50. Steinmann J., et al. “Comparison of virucidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers versus antimicrobial hand soaps in vitro and in vivo”. Journal of Hospital Infection 82 (2012): 277e280.
  51. Surface disinfectants.
  52. United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA (2020).
  53. Van Doremalen N., et al. “Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1”. The New England Journal of Medicine 16 (2020): 1564-1567.
  54. Vector Control-Methods for Use by Individuals and Communities; manually operated sprayer 1997, WHO.
  55. Wang Y., et al. “Application of aptamer based biosensors for detection of pathogenic microorganisms”. Fenxi Huaxue Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry4 (2012): 634-642.
  56. Warnes SL., et al. “Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials”. mBio6 (2015): e01697-1615.
  57. WHO, Advisory (2020).
  58. WHO air quality guidelines.
  59. Wood A and Payne D. “The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses”. Journal of Hospital Infection4 (1998): 283-295.
  60. World economic forum (2020).
  61. Yamanaka T., et al. “Comparison of the Virucidal Effects of Disinfectant Agents Against Equine Influenza A Virus”. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34 (2014): 715-718.
  62. Zaki AM., et al. “Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia”. The New England Journal of Medicine 367 (2012): 1814-1820.
  63. , et al. “Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.26 (2020): 202009637.
  64. Zhu N., et al. “A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019”. New England Journal of Medicine8 (2020): 727-733.
  65. Zinchenko AA., et al. “DNA compaction by divalent cations: structural specificity revealed by the potentiality of designed quaternary diammonium salts”. Chembiochem 5 (2004): 360-386.
  66. USEPA (2020) https://www.epa.gov/.
  67. WEF (2020) https://sdg.iisd.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2020/#:~:text=21%2D24%20January%202020%20Davos,the%20beginning%20of%20each%20year.

Citation

Citation: Siddhi J Juikar and G Raja Krishna Kumar. “Innovative Disinfectant Spraying Methods to Prevent Spread of Infectious Organisms". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.8 (2022): 124-133.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Siddhi J Juikar and G Raja Krishna Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US