FV Iyeritei*, O Obire, and SI Douglas

Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: FV Iyeritei, Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Received: May 27, 2022; Published: June 16, 2022

Abstract

A change in the distribution of species and diversity of aquatic population is a biological marker for measuring the stress on assimilative capacity or water quality. The impact of human activities on the population, distribution, diversity and antibiotic resistance of bacteria from Lobia creek was investigated. Water samples were collected from four different stations with human activities (Abattoir, toilet, jetty, and drinking water point) along Lobia creek and from a fifth station without any human activity which served as a control into separate sterile bottles. The sample bottles were transported in ice packed coolers to the laboratory for analyses. A total of 60 water samples were collected and analyzed during the six months sampling period (August 2020 to January 2021). The total heterotrophic bacteria, coliform and faecal coliforms were determined and identified using standard microbiological techniques. While the antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Results showed that counts (population) of total heterotrophic bacteria, coliform, and faecal coliforms ranged from 3.6 ×10⁴ cfu/ml - 1.44 × 10⁶ cfu/ml, 1.8 × 10⁴- 7.6 × 10⁴ cfu/ml and 7.0×10²- 3.8×10⁴ cfu/ml respectively. Generally, the decreasing order of the microbial population of total heterotrophic bacteria, coliform and faecal coliforms in the various locations was; Toilet ˃ Abattoir ˃ Jetty ˃ Drinking water ˃ Control. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the microbial counts recorded for the control and the other stations. A total of 320 bacteria were isolated and their percentage of occurrence were: Bacillus sp (12.66%), Enterobacter sp (14.6%), Enterococcus sp (2.6%), E. coli (12%), Klebsiella (10.4%), Micrococcus sp (2%), Proteus sp (6.8%), Pseudomonas sp (7.8%), Serratia sp (2.27%), Shewanella sp (1.3%), Shigella sp (3.9%), Staphylococcus sp (18.8%), and Vibrio sp (4.87%). The antibiotic susceptibility showed a varying response of isolates to specific antibiotics. About 72 Gram-negative isolates were 100% sensitive to Ofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Nitrofurantoin while 72 isolates were resistant to Cloxacillin and 68 (94.4%) were resistant to Ceftazidime. Lower susceptibility of 22.2%, 5.6%, and 2.7% was recorded for Augmentin, Gentamycin, and Cefuroxime, respectively. A total of 46 Gram-positive isolates was completely sensitive to Ceftriaxone and ofloxacin with both species of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus showing a joint 86.9% and 67.4% resistance to Cloxacillin and gentamycin. The antibiotics, Ceftriaxone, Nitrofurantoin, and Ofloxacin are recommended for treatment of infections emanating from these locations. This study has shown that, Lobia creek is highly polluted and not fit for consumption without proper treatment. It is therefore advocated that the Government should provide potable water for the inhabitants of Lobia community as to mitigate the public health hazard that the consumption of the raw creek water poses to the inhabitants.

Keywords: Lobia Creek; Antibiotic Resistance; Cloxacillin; Staphylococcus; E. coli; Shewanella

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Citation

Citation: FV Iyeritei., et al. “Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Lobia Creek". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.7 (2022): 45-54.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 FV Iyeritei., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.