Attapon Cheepsattayakorn^1,2*, Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn³ and Porntep Siriwanarangsun¹

¹Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Pathumtani Province, Thailand

³Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

*Corresponding Author: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, 10^th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Received: January 31, 2022; Published: February 16, 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), a monocarboxypeptidase for cleaving several peptides within the renin-angiotensin system and other substrates that widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, with relatively low expression in the lungs [1] (Figure 1). Interestingly, higher RNA expression of ACE 2 in lung AT2 cells was found in Asian donors, compared to African and white American donors [2]. Soluble ACE 2 that lacks the membrane anchor circulates in small volumes in the blood [3]. ACE 2 and TMPRSS 2 protein expression are identified mainly in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane of the epithelial cells in the serous acinus cells in submandibular and parotid salivary glands and in vitro, exogenous ACE 2 and TMPRSS 2 can anchor and fuse to human oral mucosa and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can bind to ACE 2 receptors in the salivary glands [4]. A recent study demonstrated that during the hospitalization period, 25% of COVID-19 patients reported of taste impairment, 20% of patients reported of difficulty in swallowing, and 15% of patients reported of burning sensation [5]. A recent study proposed that chewing gum with SARS-CoV-2-trapping proteins can debulking virus in saliva and minimizing viral transmission [6] (Figure 2).

References

1. Serfozo P., et al. “Ang ii (angiotensin ii) conversion to angiotensin-(1-7) in the circulation is POP (prolyloligopeptidase)-dependent and ACE 2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)-independent”. Hypertension 75 (2020): 173-182.
2. Zhao Y., et al. “Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE 2, the putative receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCoV”. bioRxiv (2020).
3. Wysocki J., et al. “Targeting the degradation of angiotensin ii with recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: prevention of angiotensin ii-dependent hypertension”. Hypertension 55 (2010): 90-98.
4. Zhu F., et al. “ACE 2 and TMPRSS 2 in human saliva can adsorb to the oral mucosal epithelium”. Journal of Anatomy 240 (2022): 398-409.
5. Sinjari B., et al. “SARS-CoV-2 and oral manifestation : an observational, human study”. Journal of Clinical Medicine 3218 (2020): 14.
6. Daniell H., et al. “Debulking SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in chewing gum to decrease oral virus transmission and infection”. Molecular Therapy4 (2020): 13.

Citation

Citation: Attapon Cheepsattayakorn., et al. “Potential Salivary Coronavirus Infection Therapy with Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.3 (2022): 31-32.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Attapon Cheepsattayakorn., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.