Acta Scientific Microbiology (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Review Article Volume 5 Issue 2

Compost Soil Amendment: An Approach to Enhance Crop Productivity by Improving Soil Physiology

Ieshita Pan*

Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author: Ieshita Pan, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Received: December 15, 2021; Published: January 31, 2022

Abstract

An excellent alternative for improving soil quality is composting, where intricate organic matter is converted into the simple stable end product through microbial decomposition. Although mainstream research has focused on environmental impacts, compost production and use, few reports point out key contributors and their mechanism to improve soil. In the past, the use of organic supplements to control soil biological remediation has been successful, but humus has been required as an external supplement to increase fertility. This study summarizes the role of key contributor in composting to improve crop productivity. In order to identify that, various soil quality indicators are examined. In all cases (1) The humic acid concentration is directly proportional to soil nutrient contents, NPK, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other parameters such as soil enzymes, CEC, water holding capacity, and microbial colonization. (2) The external addition of humus increases production costs. However, process modification either by microbes or the addition of mineral additives/fillers during composting is economical and can improve the humification process by preventing nitrogen loss. The humus-rich, inexpensive use of compost protects the quality of the environment because it breaks down solid waste. (3) To make a long profit from the compost, the product must be mature, stable, and free from pathogens. Recent development has not only limited itself to microbial degradation in order to obtain high quality compost, but has also produced commercial formulations. Almost all solid organic wastes are enriched with lignocellulose, and microbial inoculation allows about 30% improved deterioration compared to non-inoculated treatment to obtain humus-like substances. This review article discusses about the easiest way to enrich the soil with humus through microbial degradation of lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose in bio-organic waste to form compost, promote soil fertility and at the same time keep the environment clean and healthy. Not only soil fertility but also the development of high quality, nutritious food is urgently needed for new cultivation methods. Instruction to maintain the international economy and to protect the environment, soil amendment with compost is the necessity as it correlates with humus enrichment.

Keywords: Composting; Fertility; Humification; Maturity; Sustainable Agriculture; Waste Management

References

  1. Sellami F., et al. “Maturity assessment of composted olive mill wastes using UV spectra and humification parameters”. Bioresource Technology 99 (2008): 6900-6907.
  2. Saha PK., et al. “Long-term integrated nutrient management for rice-based cropping pattern: Effect on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient balance sheet, and soil fertility”. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38 (2007): 579-610.
  3. Li Y., et al. “Humic Acid Fertilizer Improved Soil Properties and Soil Microbial Diversity of Continuous Cropping Peanut: A Three-Year Experiment”. Nature Scientific Reports 9 (2019): 12014-12022.
  4. Sharholy M., et al. “Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in Allahabad, India”. Waste Management 27 (2007): 490-496.
  5. Xu F and Webb JP. “Tianjin clean-up after explosion”. Canadian Medical Association Journal 187 (2015): E404.
  6. Chen M., et al. “Bioremediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides, chlorophenols and heavy metals by composting: applications, microbes and future research needs”. Biotechnology Advances 33 (2015): 745-755.
  7. Loick N., et al. “Bioremediation of poly-aromatic hyrdocarbon (PAH) contaminated Soil by Composting”. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 39 (2012): 271-332.
  8. Ren X., et al. “Improvement of humification and mechanism of nitrogen transformation during pig manure composting with Black Tourmaline”. Bioresource Technology 307 (2020): 123236.
  9. Meléndrez M M. “Humic acid: the science of humus and how it benefits soil”. Acres USA Magazine (2012).
  10. Shak KPY., et al. “Sustainable reuse of rice residues as feedstocks in vermicomposting for organic fertilizer production”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21 (2014): 1349-1359.
  11. Wang Q., et al. “Improvement of pig manure compost lignocellulose degradation, organic matter humification and compost quality with medical stone”. Bioresource Technology 243 (2017): 771-777.
  12. Jindo K., et al. “Influence of biochar addition on the humic substances of composting manures”. Waste Management 49 (2016): 545-552.
  13. Zhang J., et al. “The use of biochar-amended composting to improve the humification and degradation of sewage sludge”. Bioresource Technology 168 (2014): 252-258.
  14. Jurado MM., et al. “Enhanced turnover of organic matter fractions by microbial stimulation during lignocellulosic waste composting”. Bioresource Technology 186 (2015): 15-24.
  15. Bohacz J. “Microbial strategies and biochemical activity during lignocellulosic waste composting in relation to the occurring biothermal phases”. Journal of Environmental Management 206 (2018): 1052-1062.
  16. Hepperly P., et al. “Compost, manure and synthetic fertilizer influences crop yields, soil properties, nitrate leaching and crop nutrient content”. Computer Science Utility 17 (2009): 117-126.
  17. Bhattacharyya PN and Jha DK. “Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture”. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28 (2012): 1327-1350.
  18. Umsakul K., et al. “Chemical physical and microbiological changes during composting of the water hyacinth”. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 13 (2010): 985-992.
  19. Shariati S., et al. “The potential of application of different organic and inorganic carriers in insoluble phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculants production process”. International Journal of Agriculture : Research and Review 3 (2013): 176-183.
  20. Kutsanedzi F., et al. “Comparisons of Compost Maturity Indicators for two Field Scale Composting Systems”. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3 (2012): 713-720.
  21. Pan I and Sen SK. “Microbial and physico-chemical analysis of composting process of wheat straw”. India Journal of Biotechnology 12 (2013): 120-128.
  22. Amir S., et al. “Structural changes in lipid free humic acids during composting of sewage sludge”. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 55 (2005): 239-246.
  23. Grube M., et al. “Evaluation of sewage sludge-based compost by FTIR spectroscopy”. Geoderma 130 (2006): 324-333.
  24. Pan I., et al. “Composting of common organic wastes using microbial inoculants”. 3 Biotech 2 (2012): 127-134.
  25. Krouk G., et al. “Nitrate signaling: adaptation to fluctuating environments”. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13 (2010): 266-273.
  26. Raut MP., et al. “Microbial dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal solid waste: A compost maturity analysis perspective”. Bioresource Technology 99 (2008): 6512-6519.
  27. Palm CA., et al. “Organic inputs for soil fertility management in tropical agroecosystems: application of an organic resource database”. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83 (2001): 27-42.
  28. Domínguez J., et al. “The influence of earthworms on nutrient dynamics during the process of vermicomposting”. Waste Management Research 31 (2013): 859-868.
  29. Pattnaik S and Reddy MV. “Nutrient status of vermicompost of urban green waste processed by three earthworm species: Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavates”. Applied and Environmental Soil Science (2010).
  30. Narayanan S. “Organic farming in India: relevance, problems and constraints”. Fin Agri, 43 (2005): 16-22.
  31. Herrmann L and Lesueur D. “Challenges of formulation and quality of biofertilizers for successful inoculation”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97 (2013): 8859-8873.
  32. Sharma KL., et al. “Combined effect of tillage and organic fertilization on soil quality key indicators and indices in alluvial soils of Indo-Gangetic Plains under rainfed maize-wheat system”. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 61 (2014): 313-327.
  33. Gent L and Forde BG. “How do plants sense their nitrogen status?” Journal of Experimental Botany 68 (2017): 2531-2539.
  34. Vergara SE. “ Composting”. In C. A. Zimring, and W. L. Rathje (Eds.), Encyclopedia of consumption and waste: The social science of garbage (2012): 147-150.
  35. De Longe MS., et al. “A lifecycle model to evaluate carbon sequestration potential and greenhouse gas dynamics of managed grasslands”. Ecosystem 16 (2013): 962-979.
  36. Viglizzo EF., et al. “Reassessing the role of grazing lands in carbon-balance estimations: Meta-analysis and review”. Science of the Total Environment 661 (2019): 531-542.
  37. Keenan TF and Williams CA. “The terrestrial carbon sink”. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 43 (2018): 219-243.
  38. Saad R., et al. “Assessment of land use impacts on soil ecological functions: development of spatially differentiated characterization factors within a Canadian context”. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 16 (2011): 198-211.
  39. Zhou Y., et al. “Evaluation of humic substances during cocomposting of food waste, sawdust and Chinese medicinal herbal residue”. Bioresource Technology 168 (2014): 229-334.
  40. Khalid M., et al. “Influence of bio-fertilizer containing beneficial fungi and rhizospheric bacteria on health promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of Spinacia oleracea L”. Botanical Studies 58 (2017): 35-43.
  41. Canellas LP., et al. “Chemical properties of humic matter as related to induction of plant lateral roots”. European Journal of Soil Science 63 (2012): 315-324.
  42. Mokhtari M., et al. “Evaluation of stability parameters in in-vessel composting of municipal solid waste”. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 8 (2011): 325-332.
  43. Ofosu-Budu GK and Hogarh JN. “Harmonizing procedures for the evaluation of compost maturity in two compost types in Ghana”. Resources Conservation and Recycling 54 (2010): 205-209.
  44. Nishanth D and Biswas DR. “Kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum)”. Bioresource Technology 99 (2008): 3342-3353.
  45. Alatorre-Cobos F., et al. “Genetic determinants of phosphate use efficiency in crops”. In Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress (Eds MA Jenks and AJ Wood). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford (2009): 143-165.
  46. Bouguyon E., et al. “Nitrate sensing and signaling in plants”. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 23 (2012): 648-654.
  47. Reyes I., et al. “Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine”. Plant Soil 287 (2006): 69-75.
  48. Kearney S., et al. “Forty percent revenue increase by combining organic and mineral nutrient amendments in Ugandan smallholder market vegetable production”. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 32 (2012): 831-839.
  49. Alori ET., et al. “Microbial phosphorus solubilization and its potential for use in sustainable agriculture”. Frontiers in Microbiology 8 (2017): 971.
  50. Gao M., et al. “Evaluation of stability and maturity during forced aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust at different/N ratios”. Chemosphere 78 (2010): 614-619.
  51. Hultman J., et al. “Determination of fungal succession during municipal solid waste composting using a cloning-based analysis”. Journal of Applied Microbiology 108 (2010): 472-487.
  52. Goyal S., et al. “Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity”. Bioresource Technology 96 (2005): 1584-1591.
  53. Ghosh N. “Reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and its financial implications for farmers in India”. Ecology Eco 49 (2004): 149-162.
  54. Behera KK., et al. “Organic farming history and techniques, in Sustainable Agriculure Reviews, ed. by Lichtfouse E. Springer, Berlin (2012): 287-328.
  55. Chouichom S and Yamao M. “Organic fertilizer use in northeastern Thailand: an analysis of some factors affecting farmers’ attitudes”. in Sustainable Agriculture Development, ed. by Behnassi M, Shahid SA and D’Silva J. Springer, Berlin (2011): 185-196.
  56. Gaind S. “Effect of fungal consortium and animal manure amendments on phosphorus fractions of paddy-straw compost”. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 94 (2014): 90-97.

Citation

Citation: Ieshita Pan. “Compost Soil Amendment: An Approach to Enhance Crop Productivity by Improving Soil Physiology". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.2 (2022): 88-103.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Ieshita Pan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is October 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US