Luciane Marlyse Moungang¹*, Christophe Colombe Simo Fotso^2,3, Antoine Tamsa Arfao¹, Sophia Loeticia Ngoumnaï⁴, Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti ¹, Yves Poutoum Yogne¹, Golda Reine Zame Meva’a¹, Lazare Sidjui Sidjui^4,5, Stéphanie La Blanche Guetchueng Tamdem⁵ and Moïse Nola¹

¹Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon

*Corresponding Author: Luciane Marlyse Moungang, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. E-mail: lumou2000@yahoo.fr / Phone: +237 674 165 604 / 693 474 779

Received: November 30, 2021; Published: December 31, 2021

Abstract

Herbal medicine is being increasingly used against infections in many parts of the world. The plants belonging to the genus Cussonia especially Artemisia asteraceae are among the most exploited and several of these species have been described as having antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antibiotics which have been for several decades for the treatment of bacterial diseases are losing their effectiveness more and more leading to the emergence multiresistant strains of microorganisms. These create the need to search for new alternatives especially in medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination of amoxillin and aqueous extract of Cussonia arborea on some bacteria isolated from ground water.

Methodology: The whole plant of Cussonia arborea was collected from Kon-Yambata centre region, Cameroon and was authenticated at the National Herbaruim, Yaounde with Voucher specimen number 32094/HN and kept. The leaves were dried in Shade for three weeks and shredded and ground into fine powder using an electric blender. The powder obtained was macerated for 48hours in distilled water. Phytochemical screening was performed on the extract obtained. Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 2mg/mL and amoxicillin (0.5mg) were used to determine the various antibacterial activities. The methods used are spreading on the surface of agar media and microdilution technic. The medium were utilized on two bacteria strain isolated from well water sources in the city of Yaounde (Central region of Cameroon): Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Result: The percentage yield after extracting the leaves of Cussonia arborea with water was 11.42%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the following classes of secondary metabolites alkaloids, polyphenols, anthraquinones, flavonoids, triterpenes and cardiotonic heterosides. The different extracts showed variable activities (4.63 to 100% inhibition) on strains in the planktonic state. The aqueous extract showed antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL. The best activity was on Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. The extract showed bactericidal power on all of the strains tested. The different amoxicillin/extract combinations were found to be synergistic (fractional bacterial abundances between 0 and 0.5) on Staphylococcus aureus. On E. coli, a synergy of action (AF ≤ 0.5) was observed after 12 hours and indifferences (0.5 <AF ≤ 4) were observed at the initial titer and after a contact time of 6h. Conclusion: This suggests that the traditional use of Cussionia arborea could be alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases and also contribute to the reduction of the flow of bacteriopollutants in water. It’s important to take into account the role of its association with amoxicilline in the spread of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents.