Rohit V Pawal¹*, Arjun B Girhe² and Suhas R Kolekar²

¹Abhinav College of Pharmacy, India
²Sinhagad Institute of Pharmacy, India

*Corresponding Author: Rohit V Pawal, Abhinav College of Pharmacy, India.

Received: November 22, 2021; Published: December 13, 2021

Abstract

Mucormycosis (Black fungus infection) is a fungal type infection affecting the sinus nasal and lungs areas. There was a rise in the infection rates of mucormycosis in the patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19. These are opportunistic infection caused due to an underlying condition in the host. Rhizopusarhizus is most commonly found to cause mucormycosis. The article is written with the objective to summarize and spread the information regarding the types of mucormycosis as well as organisms (causing agent), statistics regarding the infection spread as well as treatment of mucormycosis within India and Europe. This article also contains the mechanism of iron absorption by fungal organisms along with the host-pathogen interaction. The characteristic of this infection is the extensive angioinvasion leading to vessel thrombosis and subsequently to tissue necrosis. While being an opportunistic infection it on its own is also very deadly with a mortality rate of around 50%. The immense administration of glucocorticoids in the treatment of CoVid-19 turned out to be the root of the secondary fungal infection in the respiratory tract. First-line treatment of this infection can be done by amphotericin B. In South India drugs like Isavuconazole, Posaconazole have also been tested for their safety and efficacy. Although some cases may also require surgery. The surgery along with the antifungal treatment has been found to be more effective for the treatment of infection.

Keywords: Mucormycosis; Glucocorticoids; Mucormycosis Mechanism; Mucormycosis Treatment; Amphotericin B; Covid-19

References

1. Pawal R and Neemuchwala M. “Increase of antimicrobial resistance due to covid -19”. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical2 (2021): 1877-1894. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z7YUX
2. https://www.webmd.com/lung/mucormycosis-black-fungus-infection
3. Hernández J L and Buckley C J. “Mucormycosis” (2021).
4. Garg D., et al. “Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature”. Mycopathologia 186 (2021): 289-298.
5. Bhandari J., et al. “Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis”. StatPearls Publishing LLC (2021).
6. Prakash H and Chakrabarti A. “Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India”. Microorganisms 9.3 (2021): 523.
7. Pilmis B., et al. “Recent advances in the understanding and management of mucormycosis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]”. F1000 Research 7 (2018): 1429.
8. Reid G., et al. “Mucormycosis”. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1 (2020): 99-114.
9. Ashraf S Ibrahim., et al. “Pathogenesis of Mucormycosis”. Clinical Infectious Diseases1 (2012): S16-S22.
10. U Binder., et al. “Mucormycosis - from the pathogens to the disease”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 6 (2014): 60-66.
11. https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mucormycosis/health-professionals.html
12. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphotericin_B
13. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Amphotericine-B
14. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-13565/amphotericin-b-injection/details
15. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isavuconazonium
16. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isavuconazole
17. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-168089/cresemba-oral/details
18. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posaconazole
19. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Posaconazole
20. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-145142-1598/posaconazole-oral/posaconazole-delayed-release-oral/details

Citation

Citation: Rohit V Pawal., et al. “Mucormycosis and Treatment A Review". Acta Scientific Microbiology 5.1 (2022): 09-16.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Rohit V Pawal., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.