Abstract

Background: Extracts of Curcuma longa rhizome extracts were investigated for their biological activity.

Methodology: The presence of phytochemicals and antitrypanosomal activities were investigated.

Results: The extracts contained the phytochemicals (Alkaloid, Anthraquinone, Carbohydrates, Cardiac Glycosides, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Phenols, Saponin, Steroid, Tannin and Triterpenes) in table 1 and 2. The extracts showed very good activity against the parasite from figure 1, 2 and 3.

Discussion: The presence of the phytochemical confirms their medicinal potentials. The crude extracts of Curcuma longa were analyzed in vitro for trypanocide activity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei at concentration 100.0 mg/ml, 50.0 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. The best activity was seen in Petroleum ether extract, followed by the ethanol extract, then Chloroform which was still impressive.

Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that the turmeric contains potential antimicrobial components which will be of great use for the advancement of remedies by pharmaceutical industries as a therapy against various diseases.

Keywords: Curcuma longa; Petroleum Ether; Chloroform; Ethanol; Antitrypanosomal Activity; Trypanosoma brucei brucei

References

1. Ndungu K., et al. “Route of inoculation influences Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei virulence in Swiss white mice”. PLoS ONE6 (2019): e0218441.
2. Dofuor A K., et al. “Antitrypanosomal Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler Extracts on African Trypanosomes”. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019).
3. Keck D., et al. “Highly Localized Enrichment of Trypanosoma brucei Parasites Using Dielectrophoresis”. Micromachines6 (2020): 625.
4. Ravindran PN., et al. “Turmeric: The Genus Curcuma”. CRC press (2007).
5. Abirami K., et al. “Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Turmeric Grown in Andaman Islands”. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry6 (2019): 09-13.
6. Musyarrofah L., et al. “Acetylation of Curcumin from Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa) with Ni/SiO2 and Pyridine Catalysts and Its Antibacterial Activity". In AIP Conference Proceedings 2242.1 (2020): 040037.
7. Patil V V., et al. “Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Curcuma Longa and Curcuma Aromatica against Enteric Poultry Pathogens”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 4 (2019): 2000-2003.
8. Varghese B., et al. “Biochemical synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Zingiber officinalis and Curcuma longa: Characterization and antibacterial activity study”. Materials Today: Proceedings (2020).
9. Widiyanti P., et al. “Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan/AgNPs Hydrogel Green Synthesis from Curcuma Longa as Antibacterial Anti Intraperitoneal Adhesion”. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research3 (2020).
10. Sharma M., et al. “Unveiling antimicrobial and anticancerous behavior of AuNPs and AgNPs moderated by rhizome extracts of Curcuma longa from diverse altitudes of Himalaya”. Scientific Reports1 (2020): 1-11.
11. Wei M M., et al. “A combination index and glycoproteomics-based approach revealed synergistic anticancer effects of curcuminoids of turmeric against prostate cancer PC3 cells”. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2020): 113467.
12. Sabir S M., et al. “Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome”. Brazilian Journal of Biology (AHEAD) (2020).
13. Gaonkar V P and Hullatti K. “Indian Traditional medicinal plants as a source of potent Anti-diabetic agents: A Review”. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2020): 1-14.
14. Razzaq P A., et al. “A comprehensive review on antidiabetic properties of turmeric”. Life Science Journal10 (2020).
15. Den Hartogh D J., et al. “Antidiabetic properties of curcumin II: evidence from in vivo studies”. Nutrients 1 (2020): 58.
16. Lee S Y., et al. “Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri Co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 Pathways”. Scientific Reports1 (2020): 1-11.
17. Kim H., et al. “Puffing of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Enhances its Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Upregulating Macrophage Oxidative Phosphorylation”. Antioxidants10 (2020): 931.
18. Lima E P., et al. “Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Nanoencapsulated Curcuminoids Extracted from Curcuma longa L. in a Model of Cutaneous Inflammation”. Inflammation (2020): 1-13.
19. Teles A M., et al. “Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Origanum vulgare, and Curcuma longa essential oils: chemical composition, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity”. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019).
20. Maghimaa M and Alharbi S A. “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Curcuma longa L. and coating on the cotton fabrics for antimicrobial applications and wound healing activity”. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 204 (2020): 111806.
21. Jayarambabu N., et al. “Green synthesis of Cu nanoparticles using Curcuma longa extract and their application in antimicrobial activity”. Materials Letters 259 (2020): 126813.
22. Tanvir E M., et al. “Antioxidant properties of popular turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties from Bangladesh”. Journal of Food Quality (2017).
23. Yang Q Q., et al. “Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa)”. Industrial Crops and Products 152 (2020): 112561.
24. Ibrahim J., et al. “Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of curcuminoid isolates from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats”. Journal of Taibah University for Science1 (2020): 908-915.
25. Panaro M A., et al. “The Emerging Role of Curcumin in the Modulation of TLR-4 Signaling Pathway: Focus on Neuroprotective and Anti-Rheumatic Properties”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences7 (2020): 2299.
26. Zarei L., et al. “Systematic review of anti-rheumatic medicinal plants: An overview of the effectiveness of articular tissues and joint pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 5 (2017): 547.
27. Ichsyani M., et al. “Antiviral effects of Curcuma longa L. against dengue virus in vitro and in vivo”. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 101.1 (2017): 012005.
28. Sornpet B., et al. “Antiviral activity of five Asian medicinal plant crude extracts against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus”. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine9 (2017): 871-876.
29. Wahyuni T S., et al. “Antiviral activities of curcuma genus against hepatitis C virus”. Natural Product Communications12 (2018): 1934578X1801301204.
30. Wang Y., et al. “Choleretic activity of turmeric and its active ingredients”. Journal of Food Science 7 (2016): H1800-H1806.
31. Henrotin Y., et al. “Bio-optimized Curcuma longa extract is efficient on knee osteoarthritis pain: a double-blind multicenter randomized placebo-controlled three-arm study”. Arthritis Research and Therapy1 (2019): 179.
32. Abubakar A., et al. “Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Investigations on Aerial Parts of Argemone mexicana L”. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy3 (2020): 15-24.
33. Fathuddin M M and Inabo H I. “In vitro antitrypanosomal potential of chloroform leaf extract of Punica granatum L. on Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma evansi”. Microbiology Research1 (2017).
34. World Health Organization. Handbook: good laboratory practice (GLP): quality practices for regulated non-clinical research and development. World Health Organization (2010).
35. Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals. CPCSEA Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Facility (2010).
36. Ahmadu Bello University Ethics Committee on Animal Use and Care [ABUCAUC] (2010).
37. Hosea ZY., et al. “Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) rhizome extract”. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science (2018): 1-8.
38. Kasta G. “Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rhizome Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) For Growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8.3 (2020): 5-8.
39. Win TT and Thandar S. “Identification of Isolated Curcumin from Rhizomes of Curcuma longa (Na-nwin) and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of the Various Crude Extracts”. 3rd Myanmar Korea Conference Research Journal Dagon University 3.5 (2020).
40. Le TB., et al. “Evaluation of the anti-trypanosomal activity of vietnamese essential oils, with emphasis on Curcuma longa L. and its components”. Molecules6 (2019): 1158.
41. Haddad M., et al. “Curcuma as a parasiticidal agent: a review”. Planta medica6 (2011): 672-678.
42. Jonah A O and Enoh E. “In vitro Anti-trypanosomal activity of curcumin isolated from Curcuma longa (Turmeric) rhizomes”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies2 (2020): 729-731.
43. Bhat S V., et al. “Biological Activities of Turmeric (Curcuma longa)-an overview”. BMR Microbiology 1.1 (2015): 1-5.
44. Mody D., et al. “Curcumin: A Natural Derivative with Antibacterial Activity Against Clostridium difficile”. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 21 (2020): 154-161.

Citation

Citation: Muhammad Muhsin Fathuddin and Rafeedah Fathuddin. “The Screening for the Antitrypanosomal Potentials of the Extracts of Curcuma longa L.". Acta Scientific Microbiology 4.2 (2021): 76-81.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2021 Muhammad Muhsin Fathuddin and Rafeedah Fathuddin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.