Acta Scientific Microbiology (ASMI) (ISSN: 2581-3226)

Review Article Volume 3 Issue 10

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV)-2 Versus SARS-CoV: So Similar Yet So Different

Saloni Gupta* and Sonam Gupta

Independent Scholar, Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author: Saloni Gupta, Independent Scholar, Delhi, India.

Received: August 11, 2020; Published: September 16, 2020

×

Abstract

Starting in the Wuhan city of China, the indiscriminate spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and sudden escalation in the number of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases has brought desolation to mankind. To control the ongoing disastrous pandemic, it is important to congregate the highest level of information on the ecology of this notorious microbe. The similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV can be traced back to their phylogenetic relationship, however, gaining insight into the divergent features of the novel coronavirus demands extensive research. This article brings together the previously known facts about SARS-coronaviruses and contrasts them with the new findings on SARS-CoV-2 from the most recent studies for future reference.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; COVID-19; SARS; Coronaviruses; ACE2

×

References

  1. Zhou P., et al. “A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin”. Nature7798 (2020): 270-273.
  2. Guan Y., et al. “Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus From Animals in Southern China”. Science 5643 (2003): 276-278.
  3. Song HD Tu CC., et al. “Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 7 (2005): 2430-2435.
  4. Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium. “Molecular Evolution of the SARS Coronavirus During the Course of the SARS Epidemic in China”. Science5664 (2004): 1666-1669.
  5. Lam TT., et al. “Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China”. Nature 583 (2020): 282-285.
  6. Marco Cascella., et al. “Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). Stat Pearls Internet (2020).
  7. Transfusion Medicine. “Emerging Infectious Disease Agents”. Transfusion 49 (2009): 150S-152S.
  8. Lai MM and Cavanagh D. "The molecular biology of coronaviruses". Advances in Virus Research 48 (1997): 1-100.
  9. Cavanagh D., et al. “Detection of a Coronavirus from Turkey Poults in Europe Genetically Related to Infectious Bronchitis Virus of Chickens”. Avian Pathology 4 (2001): 355-368.
  10. Neuman BW., et al. “Supramolecular Architecture of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy”. Virology Journal 16 (2006): 7918-7928.
  11. Fehr AR and Perlman S. “Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis”. Methods in Molecular Biology1282 (2015): 1-23.
  12. Schoeman D and Fielding BC. “Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge”. Virology Journal 1 (2019): 69.
  13. Alsaadi EA and Jones IM. “Membrane binding proteins of coronaviruses”. Future Virology 4 (2019): 275-286.
  14. Li F. “Structure Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins”. Annual Review of Virology 1 (2016): 237-261.
  15. Hulswit RJ., et al. “Coronavirus Spike Protein and Tropism Changes”. Advances in Virus Research 96 (2016): 29-57.
  16. Belouzard S., et al. “Mechanisms of Coronavirus Cell Entry Mediated by the Viral Spike Protein”. Viruses6 (2012): 1011-1033.
  17. Heald-Sargent T and Gallagher T. “Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence”. Viruses4 (2012): 557-580.
  18. Du L., et al. “The Spike Protein of SARS-CoV- a Target for Vaccine and Therapeutic Development”. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3 (2009): 226-236.
  19. Xu Y., et al. “Crystal Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Fusion Core”. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (2004): 49414-49419.
  20. Lu R., et al. “Genomic Characterisation and Epidemiology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Implications for Virus Origins and Receptor Binding”. Lancet10224 (2020): 565-574.
  21. Walls AC., et al. “Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein”. Cell2 (2020): 281-292.
  22. Wan Y., et al. “Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: An Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus”. Journal of Virology 7 (2020): e00127-e00120.
  23. Surjit M and Lal SK. “The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein: A protein with multifarious activities”. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 4 (2008): 397-405.
  24. Li G., et al. “Coronavirus Infections and Immune Responses”. Journal of Medical Virology 4 (2020): 424-432.
  25. Xu J., et al. “Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV”. Viruses2 (2020): 244.
  26. Gheblawi M., et al. “Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System”. Circulation Research 10 (2020).
  27. Simmons G., et al. “Proteolytic Activation of the SARS-coronavirus Spike Protein: Cutting Enzymes at the Cutting Edge of Antiviral Research". Antiviral Research 3 (2013): 605-614.
  28. Heurich A., et al. “TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 Cleave ACE2 Differentially and Only Proteolysis by TMPRSS2 Augments Entry Driven by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein”. Journal of Virology 2 (2014): 1293-1307.
  29. Li Z., et al. “The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding”. eLife 8 (2019): e51230.
  30. Belouzard S., et al. “Activation of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein via Sequential Proteolytic Cleavage at Two Distinct Sites”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14 (2009): 5871-5876.
  31. Bosch BJ., et al. “The Coronavirus Spike Protein Is a Class I Virus Fusion Protein: Structural and Functional Characterization of the Fusion Core Complex”. Journal of Virology 16 (2003): 8801-8811.
  32. Sethna PB., et al. “Minus-strand Copies of Replicating Coronavirus mRNAs Contain Antileaders”. Journal of Virology 1 (1991): 320-325.
  33. World Health Organization (WHO). “Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions (2020).
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SADS). Frequently Asked Questions About SARS (2020).
  35. Australian Government, Department of Health. Novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Information for Clinicians: Frequently Asked Questions.
  36. Chowell G., et al. “Model Parameters and Outbreak Control for SARS”. Emerging Infectious Diseases 7 (2004): 1258‐1263.
  37. Chen Y., et al. “Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication and pathogenesis”. Journal of Medical Virology 4 (2020): 418-423.
  38. Gu J and Korteweg C. “Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”. The American Journal of Pathology 4 (2007): 1136-1147.
  39. Wong RS., et al. “Haematological Manifestations in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis”. British Medical Journal 7403 (2003): 1358-1362.
  40. Huang KJ., et al. “An Interferon-Gamma-Related Cytokine Storm in SARS Patients”. Journal of Medical Virology 2 (2005): 185-194.
  41. Cameron MJ., et al. “Interferon-mediated Immunopathological Events Are Associated With Atypical Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”. Journal of Virology 16 (2007): 8692-8706.
  42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).
  43. Guan WJ., et al. “Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China”. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (2020): 1708-1720.
  44. Zhou F., et al. “Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study”. Lancet10229 (2020): 1054-1062.
  45. Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases (2020e).
  46. Meyer B., et al. “Serological Assays for Emerging Coronaviruses: Challenges and Pitfalls”. Virus Research 194 (2014): 175-183.
  47. Zhu N., et al. “A Novel Coronavirus From Patients With Pneumonia in China, 2019”. The New England Journal of Medicine 8 (2020): 727-733.
  48. Zumla A., et al. “Reducing Mortality From 2019-nCoV: Host-Directed Therapies Should Be an Option”. Lancet10224 (2020): e35-e36.
  49. Wang M., et al. “Remdesivir and Chloroquine Effectively Inhibit the Recently Emerged Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) In Vitro”. Cell Research 3 (2020): 269-271.
  50. Heidary F and Gharebaghi R. “Ivermectin: A Systematic Review From Antiviral Effects to COVID-19 Complementary Regimen”. The Journal of Antibiotics (2020).
×

Citation

Citation: Saloni Gupta and Sonam Gupta. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV)-2 Versus SARS-CoV: So Similar Yet So Different". Acta Scientific Microbiology 3.10 (2020): 27-37.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days

Indexed In






News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 30, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US