Abstract

 Plastic is a significant reason for Environmental Pollution. Major earth surfaces, sea waters are getting polluted day by day with accumulation of plastic as waste material from different sources which is a serious concern for human beings and different marine animals living in this world. A few stages happen in the plastic biodegradation process and could be distinguished by explicit phrasing. Bio-weakening characterizes the activity of microbial networks and other decomposer life forms answerable for the physical and synthetic decay that brought about a shallow debasement that changes the mechanical, physical and substance properties of the plastic. Bio-discontinuity alludes to the reactant activities that separate polymeric plastics into oligomers, dimers or monomers by ecto-compounds or free-radicals discharged by microorganisms. Osmosis portrays to the incorporation of particles moved in the cytoplasm in the microbial digestion. Mineralisation alludes to the total corruption of atoms that brought about the discharge of totally oxidized metabolites (CO₂, N₂, CH₄, H₂O). The microbial species discovered related with the debasing materials were recognized as two Gram positive and five Gram negative microscopic organisms. The microbial species related with the polythene materials were recognized as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas species etc. of which Bacillus amylolyticus causes 30% degradation and Bacillus subtilis causes 20% average degradation in a month. In this review article different isolation and identification processes followed so far for these important categories of microbes have been discussed for general awareness of research in this field.

Keywords: Biodeterioration; Biofragmentation, Assimilation; Mineralization; Pollution

References

1. Albertsson AC. “The shape of the biodegradation curve for low and high density polyethylenes in prolonged series of experiments”. European Polymer Journal 16 (1980): 623-630.
2. Albertsson AC and Karlsson S. “The influence of biotic and abiotic environments on the degradation of polyethylene”. Progress in Polymer Science 2 (1990): 177-192.
3. Bollag WB., et al. “Biodegradation and encyclopedia of microbiology”. In Lederberg, J (ed.). Academic, New York. (2000): 461-471.
4. Cruz-Pinto JJC., et al. “The kinetics and mechanism of polyethylene photo-oxidation”. Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 216 (1994): 113-133.
5. Huang, J., et al. “Biodegradable plastics: a review”. Advances in Polymer Technology 1 (1990): 23-30.
6. Luzier WD. “Materials derived from biomass/biodegradable materials”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 3 (1992): 839-842.
7. Mueller RJ. “Biological degradation of synthetic polyesters-enzymes as potential catalysts for polyester recycling”. Process Biochemistry 10 (2006): 2124-2128.
8. Nakayama A., et al. “Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(γ-butyrolactone-co-L-lactide)”. Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation 4 (1996): 205-211.
9. Olayan HB., et al. “Photochemical and thermal crosslinking of polymers”. Journal of Macromolecular Science - Reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 4 (1996): 671-719.
10. Rivard C., et al. “Starch esters as biodegradable plastics: Effects of ester group chain length and degree of substitution on anaerobic biodegradation”. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 9 (1995): 848-852.
11. Sang BI., et al. “Fungal contribution to in situ biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) film in soil”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2 (2002): 241-247.
12. Scott G. “Photo-biodegradable plastics: their role in the protection of the environment”. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1 (1990): 135-154.

Citation

Citation: Manas Chakraborty, Indranil Chatterjee., et al. “The Art of Polythene Degrading Bacteria: The Bio-Deteriorating Action of Microbial Communities". Acta Scientific Microbiology 3.8 (2020): 117-121.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Manas Chakraborty, Indranil Chatterjee., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.