Keywords: Duckweed; Protein Rich Biomass; Aqueous Nitrate Bioremoval; Phytobioremediation

  Eutrophication is one of the major problems that we are facing today and it would affect negatively aquatic life’s. Nitrate pollutant leads to increase in the growth of algal bloom those results in eutrophication of fresh water with increase of high concentration of nitrate and phosphorus in water, the dissolved oxygen tends to decreased. Plant based biotreatment (Phytotechnology) process was used to eliminate nitrate contaminant from aquatic system. So as to avoid the eutrophic formation of fresh water and to determine the efficiency of nitrate utilization by specific aquatic plants (Duckweed: Lemna minor) from eutrophic lakes.

  Skillicorn., et al. (1993), reported that the duckweeds have the potential to purify wastewater in association with bacteria of both aerobic and anaerobic forms. The previous literature stated that the duckweed mat was fully covered on the surface of the water, as observed in three zones. They are the following zones, including (i) aerobic zone, which is 10 cm below the duckweed mat, anoxic zone and anaerobic zone [1]. Atlay., et al. (1996), described the duckweed was well known for its high productivity and high protein rich content in temperate climates. They are green and have a small size (1 - 3mm) and also have short but dense roots (1-3cm) [2]. Cheng., et al. (2002), pointed about the duckweed, which was a small, free floating aquatic plant belonging to Lemnaceae family [3]. Hasar., et al. (2000), noted duckweed fronds grow in colonies at particular growth conditions which forms a dense and uniform surface mat [4]. Tchobanoglous and Burton [5] concluded that in the aerobic zone, organic materials are oxidised by aerobic bacteria using atmospheric oxygen transferred by duckweed roots. Gearheart [6] stated that wetland treatment process was a combination of all the unit operations in a conventional treatment process in addition to other physico-chemical processes, sedimentation, biological oxidation, nutrient incorporation, adsorption and precipitation. Smith and Moelyowati [7] observed the nitrification and denitrification takes place in anoxic zones, where organic nitrogen was decomposed by anoxic bacteria into ammonium and ortho-phosphate, which are intermediate products used as nutrients by the duckweed. Redding., et al. [8] mentioned that ecological engineering, including the employment of constructed wetlands and the culture of aquatic macrophytes, for the purpose of pollution abatement has received growing acceptance. Zhou., et al. [9] stated that the duckweeds were used in environmental remediation and potential as an efficient feedstock for fuel and bioproducts.

References

1. Skillicorn P., et al. “Duckweed aquaculture: A new aquatic forming system for developing countries”. The World Bank: Washington DC, USA (1993).
2. Altay A., et al. “Nutrient removal efficiency of the naturaltreatment system utilizing duckweed”. I st Uludag Environmental Engineering Symposium Bursa (1996).
3. Cheng J., et al. “Nutrient removal from swine lagoon liquid by Lemna minor 8627”. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 45 (2002): 1003-1010.
4. Hasar, H., et al. “Su mercimeginin (Lemna minor L.) ileri aritimda kullanimi”. SKKD, 10 (2000):  9-13.
5. Tchobanoglous G and FL Burton. “Wastewater engineering treatment, disposaland reuse”. 3rd Edn. McGraw Hill, New York (1991).
6. Gearheart RA. “Use of constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater, City of Arcata, California”. Water Science and Technology 26 (1992):  1625-1637.
7. Smith MD and I Moelyowati. “Duckweed based wastewater treatment (DWWT): design guidelines for hot climates”. Water Science and Technology 43 (2001): 290-299.
8. Redding T., et al. “The treatment of aquaculture wastewaters Abotanical approach”. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 50 (1997):  283-299.
9. Zhou Y and Borisjuk N. “Small Aquatic Duckweed Plants with Big Potential for the Production of Valuable Biomass and Wastewater Remediation”. International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources 16.4 (2019): 555942. 

Citation

Citation: Usharani Rathinam Krishnaswamy. “Synergistic Effect of Biomass Production as Protein Feed Stock, Biofuel Against with Nitrate Bioremoval in Lab Scale Wastewater Treatment System Using Lemna Minor". Acta Scientific Microbiology 3.2 (2020): 43-44.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Usharani Rathinam Krishnaswamy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.