Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report
Shaimaa Al Harthi*
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author: Shaimaa Al Harthi, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Received: March 19, 2024; Published: April 08, 2024
Abstract
Black hairy tongue is a benign, asymptomatic oral disease that usually has a good prognosis. It is distinguished by the lingual dorsum of the tongue being noticeably discolored, either black or brownish, and by the hypertrophy of the filiform papillae. The present article describes a case of black hairy tongue in a 45-year-old male patient who attended the clinic with a complain of Halitosis. The clinical examination revealed a distinct hairy appearance of the filiform papillae of the posterior two thirds of the tongue, with yellow discoloration. The treatment involved improvement of oral hygiene, tongue brushing and smoking cessation. At a six week follow up visit, intraoral examination showed complete resolution of tongue discoloration and improvement of Halitosis.
Keywords: Black Hairy Tongue; Halitosis; Hyperkeratosis of the Tongue; Lingua Villosa Nigra
References
- Gurvits GE and Tan A. “Black hairy tongue syndrome”. World Journal of Gastroenterology WJG 20 (2014): 10845.
- Schlager E., et al. “Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment”. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 18 (2017): 563-569.
- Thompson DF and Kessler TL. “Drug‐induced black hairy tongue”. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 30 (2010): 585-593.
- Kulig K., et al. “Differences in the morphological structure of the human tongue”. Folia Morphology (Warsz) (2023).
- Shinde SB., et al. “Prevalence of tongue lesions in western population of Maharashtra”. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 3 (2017): 104-108.
- Sawan D., et al. “Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results (2022): 2649-2656.
- Patil S., et al. “Prevalence of tongue lesions in the Indian population”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry 5 (2013): e128.
- Prabha N., et al. “Glycopyrrolate-induced black hairy tongue”. Indian Dermatology Online Journal 11 (2020): 256-257.
- Ren J., et al. “Antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue: two case reports and a review of the literature”. Journal of International Medical Research 48 (2020): 0300060520961279.
- Moghbel A., et al. “The effect of green tea on prevention of mouth bacterial infection, halitosis, and plaque formation on teeth” (2011).
- Rad M., et al. “Effect of long-term smoking on whole-mouth salivary flow rate and oral health”. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 4 (2010): 110.
- Sun K-W and Yang Z-C. “Long-term use of triple antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue: A case report”. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 11 (2023): 2050313X231204136.
- OKAMURA T., et al. “Effects of tannin on experimental staining of enamel”. Journal of Oral Tissue Engineering 20 (2022): 47-54.
- Cortelli JR., et al. “Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach”. Brazilian Oral Research 22 (2008): 44-54.
- Aylıkcı BU and Çolak H. “Halitosis: From diagnosis to management”. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 4 (2013): 14.
- Millar WJ and Locker D. “Smoking and oral health status”. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association (Tor) (2007): 73.
- Hernawati S. “Management of hairy tongue with oral candidiasis in active smokers”. Health Notions 4 (2020): 43-47.
- Nawrot P., et al. “Effects of caffeine on human health”. Food Addit Contam 20 (2003): 1-30.
- Cogo K., et al. “In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms”. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54 (2008): 501-508.
- Rezende HD., et al. “Hyperpigmentation of the tongue as a clue to the diagnosis of Addison’s disease”.
- Cohen PR. “Black tongue secondary to bismuth subsalicylate: case report and review of exogenous causes of macular lingual pigmentation”. Journal of Drugs Dermatology JDD 8 (2009): 1132-1135.
- Yunita L., et al. “Smoker’s Melanosis Tongue Identification System using the Spatial and Spectral Characteristic Combinations Tongue in the Visible and Near-Infrared Range”. In: 2019 International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI). IEEE (2019): 30-33.
- Venugopal M., et al. “Amelanotic melanoma of the tongue”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 17 (2013): 113-115.
- Al Wayli H., et al. “Hereditary hemochromatosis of tongue”. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology 111 (2011): e1-5.
- Pereira CM., et al. “Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in a 14‐year‐old boy: case report and review of the literature”. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 15 (2005): 224-228.v
- Hall JM., et al. “Oral acanthosis nigricans: report of a case and comparison of oral and cutaneous pathology”. American Journal of Dermatopathology 10 (1988): 68-73.
- Mignogna MD., et al. “Oral manifestations of idiopathic lenticular mucocutaneous pigmentation (Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome): a clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural review of 12 cases”. Oral Disease 5 (1999): 80-86.
- Joseph BK and Savage NW. “Tongue pathology”. Clinical Dermatology 18 (2000): 613-618.
- Dohil MA., et al. “The congenital lingual melanotic macule”. Archives of Dermatology 139 (2003): 767-70.
- de Arruda JAA., et al. “Congenital Melanotic Macule of the Tongue: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review”. Head and Neck Pathology 17 (2023): 581-586.
- Marangon Júnior H., et al. “Oral congenital melanocytic nevus: a rare case report and review of the literature”. Head and Neck Pathology 9 (2015): 481-487.
Citation
Copyright