Acta Scientific Dental Sciences (ASDS)(ISSN: 2581-4893)

Review Article Volume 8 Issue 1

Molecular Diagnostic Methods in Endodontics

Manu Unnikrishnan*, Sameen R.J, Raghu Dhanapal, Ashbia I.K and Jeevan M.B

Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Jalan Semling, Kedah, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: Manu Unnikrishnan, Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Jalan Semling, Kedah, Malaysia.

Received: December 21, 2023; Published: December 29, 2023

Abstract

The endodontic disease is fundamentally a microbial disease initiated by one or several bacterial or fungal species. The disease process is initiated and propagated by a complex community of microorganisms that are common commensals of oral microflora. The gold standard for decades was to culture microorganism from infected root canals or periapical abseccess. Although the culturing techniques remains the technique of choice for studying the phenotypic characteristics of bacteria and susceptibility to antimicrobials, Its known that only half of the bacteria is cultivable. The modern molecular methods helps to identify the un cultivable microorganisms. The article mentions the importance of molecular methods for identification of microorganisms.

Keywords:Biofilm; Microbial Culture; Microscopic Methods; Molecular Biology Methods; Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA Hybridization

References

  1. Antunes HS., et al. “Total and Specific Bacterial Levels in the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis”. Journal of Endodontics 41 (2015): 1037-1042.
  2. Winkler KC and Van Amerongen J. “Bacteriologic results from 4000 root canal cultures”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 12 (1959): 857-875.
  3. Provenzano JC., et al. “Metaproteome analysis of endodontic infections in association with different clinical conditions”. Plos One 8 (2013): e76108.
  4. Rocas IN and Siqueira JF. “Identification of bacteria enduring endodontic treatment procedures by a combined reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and reverse-capture checkerboard approach”. Journal of Endodontics 36 (2010): 45-52.
  5. D Figdor and G Sundqvist. “Australian Dental Journal Supplement1 (2007): S38-S51.
  6. Nair PNR. “Light and electron microscopic studies of root canal flora and periapical lesions”. Journal of Endodontics 13 (1987): 29-39.
  7. Costerton JW and Stewart PS. “Biofilms and device-related infections”. In: Nataro JP, Blaser MJ, Cunningham-Rundles S, eds. Persistent bacterial infections. Washington, DC: ASM Press (2000): 423-439.
  8. Costerton W., et al. “The application of biofilm science to the study and control of chronic bacterial infections”. Journal of Clinical Investigation 112 (2003): 1466-1477.
  9. Abdullah M., et al. “Susceptibilties of two Enterococcus faecalis phenotypes to root canal medications”. Journal of Endodontics 31 (2005): 30-36.
  10. Fabricius L., et al. “Predominant indigenous oral bacteria isolated from infected root canals after varied times of closure”. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 90 (1982): 134-144.
  11. Loesche WJ. “Importance of nutrition in gingival crevice microbial ecology”. Periodontics 6 (1968): 245-249.
  12. Carlsson J., et al. “Oxygen tolerance of anaerobic bacteria isolated from necrotic dental pulps”. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 35 (1977): 139-145.
  13. Loesche WJ., et al. “Relationship between oxygen tension and subgingival bacterial flora in untreated human periodontal pockets”. Infection and Immunity 42 (1983): 659-667.
  14. Gabrilska RA and Rumbaugh KP. “Biofilm models of polymicrobial infection”. Future Microbiology 10 (2015): 1997-2015.
  15. Qayyum S., et al. “Protein translation machinery holds a key for transition of planktonic cells to biofilm state in Enterococcus faecalis: A proteomic approach”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 474 (2016): 652-659.
  16. Mullis K. “The unusual origin of the polymerase chain reaction”. Society of America 262 (1990): 36-43.
  17. Xia T and Baumgartner JC. “Occurrence of actinomyces in infections of endodontic origin”. Journal of Endodontics 29 (2003): 549-552.
  18. Rocas I., et al. “Oral treponemes in primary root canal infections as detected by nested PCR”. International Endodontic Journal 36 (2003): 20-26.
  19. Siqueira JF and RocasI. “Treponema socranskii in primary endodontic infections as detected by nested PCR”. Journal of Endodontics 29 (2003): 244-247.
  20. Willis S., et al. “Identification of seven Treponema species in healthand disease-associated dental plaque by nested PCR”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37 (1999): 867-869.
  21. Siqueira JF and Rocas I. “Bacteroides forsythus in primary endodontic infections as detected by nested PCR”. Journal of Endodontics 29 (2003): 390-393.
  22. Baumgartner JC., et al. “Identification of spirochetes (treponemes) in endodontic infections”. Journal of Endodontics 29 (2003): 794-797.
  23. Sabeti M., et al. “Cytmegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus active infection in periapical lesions of teeth with intact crowns”. Journal of Endodontics 29 (2003): 321-323.
  24. Sabeti M., et al. “Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA transcription in endodontic symptomatic lesions”. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 18 (2003): 104-108.
  25. Doung-udomdacha S., et al. “A novel closed-tube quantitative-PCR method for enumerating Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemocomitans”. Journal of Periodontal Research 35 (2000): 247-258.
  26. Gatti J., et al. “Bacteria of asymptomatic periradicular endodontic lesions identified by DNA-DNA hybridization”. Endodontics and Dental Traumatology 16 (2000): 197-204.
  27. Sunde P., et al. “Assessment of periradicular microbiota by DNA-DNA hybridization”. Endodontics and Dental Traumatology 16 (2000): 191-196.
  28. Siqueira JF., et al. “Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization analysis of endodontic infections”. Oral Surgery 89 (2000): 744-748.
  29. Siqueira JF., et al. “Microbiological evaluation of acute periradicular abscesses by DNA-DNA hybridization”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 92 (2001): 451-457.
  30. Moraes S., et al. “Comparison of the effectiveness of bacterial culture, 16s rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction, and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for detection of fusobacterium nucleatum in endodontic infections”. Journal of Endodontics 28 (2002): 86-89.
  31. Houpikian P and Raoult D. “Traditional and molecular techniques for the study of emerging bacterial diseases: one laboratory’s perspective”. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (2002): 122-131.
  32. Trope M., et al. “Darkfield microscopic spirochete count in the differentiation of endodontic and periodontal abscesses”. Journal of Endodontics 18 (1992): 82-86.
  33. Siqueira JF., et al. “A scanning electron microscope evaluation of in vitro dentinal tubules penetration by selected anaerobic bacteria”. Journal of Endodontics 22 (1996): 308-310.
  34. Nair PNR. “Light and electron microscopic studies of root canal flora and periapical lesions”. Journal of Endodontics 13 (1987): 29-39.
  35. Nair PNR., et al. “Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study”. Journal of Endodontics 16 (1990): 580-587.
  36. Love R and Chandler N. “A scanning electron and confocal laser microscope investigation of tetracycline affected human dentine”. International Endodontic Journal 29 (1996): 376-381.
  37. Mannocci F., et al. “Confocal and scanning electron microscopic study of teeth restored with fiber posts, metal posts, and composite resins”. Journal of Endodontics 25 (1999): 789-794.
  38. Ogawa T., et al. “Bacteroides-specific IgG and IgA subclass antibody-secreting cells isolated from chronicallyinflamed gingivaltissues”. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 76 (1989): 103-110.
  39. Kettering J., et al. “Antibody levels against eleven oral microorganisms in an endodontic population”. Journal of Dental Research 67 (1988): 202.
  40. Kettering J., et al. “Antibody levels against eleven oral microorganisms in an endodontic population”. Journal of Dental Research 67 (1988): 202.
  41. Hahn C and Falkler WAJ. “Antibodies in normal and diseased pulps reactive with microorganisms isolated from deep caries”. Journal of Endodontics 18 (1992): 28-31.
  42. Baumgartner JC and Falkler WA. “Reactivity of IgG from explant cultures of periapical lesions with implicated microorganisms”. Journal of Endodontics 17 (1991): 207-212.
  43. Kalfas S., et al. “A new bacterial species associated with failed endodontic treatment: identifiction and description of Actinomyces radicidentis”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 92 (2001): 208-214.
  44. Xia T., et al. “Isolation and identification of Prevotella tannerae from endodontic infections”. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 15 (1999): 273-275.
  45. Neelakantan P., et al. “Biofilms in endodontics-current status and future directions”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18 (2017): 1748.
  46. Cross KL., et al. “Targeted isolation and cultivation of uncultivated bacteria by reverse genomics”. Nature Biotechnology 37 (2019): 1314-1321.

Citation

Citation: Manu Unnikrishnan. “Molecular Diagnostic Methods in Endodontics".Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 8.1 (2024): 115-119.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2024 Manu Unnikrishnan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.278

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 10, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US