Results: This study included a total of 128 patients. The annual incidence of cancers of the oral cavity during the 12 years ranged from 0.13 to 2.51cases per 100,000 persons, with an average annual incidence of 1.2, which was found to be significantly higher in males (74.2%) than females (25.8%) with a M: F ratio of 2.9:1. There was a more significant occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (94.5%) with a higher frequency in males between 51-60 years. The tongue emerged as the most frequently affected anatomical site, accounting for 79 of the 128 study population (61.7%).

Conclusion: The average annual incidence of cancers of the oral cavity reported was 1.2 cases per 100,000 persons. Generally, oral cavity cancers were more frequent in males between 51-60 years. There was a greater occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma than other oral cavity cancers. The tongue was the most common anatomical site involved.

Keywords: Oral Cavity Cancer; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Incidence; Epidemiological

References

1. “Guyana”. PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization (2023).
2. “Census - Bureau of Statistics”. Bureau of Statistics - Serving Guyana’s Data Needs (2023).
3. “Population, Total - Guyana”. World Bank Open Data (2023). data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GY.
4. World Health Organization, World Health Organization (2022).
5. Best Plummer Wallis S., et al. “Ethnicity and Cancer in Guyana, South America”. Infectious Agents and Cancer, U.S. National Library of Medicine (2009).
6. Tsai Yu-Shiun., et al. “Incidence trends of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers among males in Taiwan, 1980-2019: A population-based Cancer Registry Study”. BMC Cancer1 (2023).
7. “Oral Health”. World Health Organization, World Health Organization (2023).
8. “Mouth and Oral Cancer Statistics”. WCRF International (2022).
9. Warnakulasuriya Saman. “Global Epidemiology of Oral and Oropharyngeal cancer”. Oral Oncology4-5 (2009): 309-316.
10. Anis Raeefa and Kamis Gaballah. “Oral cancer in the UAE: A Multicenter, retrospective study”. Libyan Journal of Medicine1 (2013): 21782.
11. “Oral Cancer”. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2023).
12. Begum Naseem., et al. “Oral Cavity Cancers in Northwest Pakistan: A Hospital Based Study”. View of Oral Cavity Cancers in North West Pakistan: A Hospital Based Study (2009).
13. Thavarool Sajith Babu., et al. “Improved survival among oral cancer patients: Findings from a retrospective study at a tertiary care cancer centre in rural Kerala, India”. World Journal of Surgical Oncology1 (2019).
14. Alshehri Bandar M. “Trends in the incidence of oral cancer in Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 2015”. World Journal of Surgical Oncology1 (2020).
15. Lima Isnaya Almeida., et al. “Epidemiological study on the lip and oral cavity cancer in Brazil: Connecting Science and Clinical Applicability”. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira9 (2022): 1337-1341.
16. Yahya Ihsane Ben and Fani Anagnostou. “Oral Cancer: Prevention and Patient Management”. FDI (2018).
17. Thomas SJ., et al. “The changing aetiology of head and neck squamous cell cancer: A tale of three cancers?” Clinical Otolaryngology4 (2018): 999-1003.
18. Montero Pablo H and Snehal G. Patel. “Cancer of the oral cavity”. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America3 (2015): 491-508.
19. “Malignant Neoplasms of Lip, Oral Cavity and Pharynx (C00-C14)”. World Health Organization, World Health Organization (2019).
20. Abreu Lyndon Paul., et al. “Oral cancer in Western Australia, 1982-2006: A retrospective epidemiological study”. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine5 (2010): 376-381.
21. Ruback Maurício José., et al. “Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients in the head and Neck Surgery Department of a University Hospital”. Sao Paulo Medical Journal5 (2012): 307-313.
22. Rao Sree Vidya., et al. “Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade- An update (2000-2012)”. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention10 (2013): 5567-5577.
23. Basha Sakeenabi., et al. “The Prevalence of Oral Cancer in Saudi Arabia”. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research”. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (2019).
24. Shekar Poosarla C., et al. “Reporting frequency of potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer: A 10-year retrospective data analysis in a teaching dental institution”. Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences2 (2020): 124.
25. Mangone Lucia., et al. “The Epidemiology of Oral Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Italy: Incidence, Survival, Prevalence”. Frontiers, Frontiers (2022).
26. Stepan Katelyn O., et al. “Changing epidemiology of oral cavity cancer in the United States”. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery4 (2022): 761-768.
27. Nyi M-P Nyi., et al. “Thirty-year trends in incidence and age-distribution of prostate cancer in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, 1978-2007”. West Indian Medical Journal (2014).
28. Iype EM., et al. “Oral Cancer among Patients under the Age of 35 Years”. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine (2001).
29. Raj Amrita., et al. “Assessment of Hospital Based Prevalence of Oral Cancer among Population of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh”. National Library of Medicine (2018).
30. Vibhakar Vimal., et al. “Oral and esophageal cancer: Incidence, prevalence and correlation in general Indian population: A retrospective study”. Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences5 (2021): 221.
31. Malik Akshat., et al. “Trends of oral cancer with regard to age, gender, and subsite over 16 years at a tertiary cancer center in India”. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology03 (2018): 297-300.
32. Pawar HJ. “Epidemiological determinants of oral cancer in a rural area of Maharashtra state, India”. International Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Research (2014): 186-194.
33. Delagranda A., et al. “Epidemiological Features of Cancers of the Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx and Larynx Cancer in Réunion Island”. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 3 (2018): 175-181.
34. Du Plessis Maira and Robert Hage. “Incidence and 5-year survival rate for head and neck cancers in Grenada compared to the African American population over the period 1991-2010”. Cancer Causes and amp; Control11 (2017): 1227-1239.

Citation

Citation: Petra Langevine., et al. “Incidence and Epidemiological Distribution of Cancers of the Oral Cavity: A Retrospective Review in Guyana".Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 7.11 (2023): 15-22.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Petra Langevine., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.