Acta Scientific Dental Sciences (ASDS)(ISSN: 2581-4893)

Research Article Volume 6 Issue 11

Prevalence of Caries among Spanish Born and Immigrant Pediatric Population

Genny Durán Contreras1*, Ana de la Hoz2 and Paola Beltri Orta3

1PhD Student, Pediatric Dentist, European University of Madrid, Spain
2Pediatric Dentist Teaching and Research Unit, Dentistry Faculty, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
3Medical Doctor and Dentist, Pediatric Dentist Teaching and Research Unit, Dentistry Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

*Corresponding Author: Genny Durán Contreras, PhD Student, Pediatric Dentist, European University of Madrid, Spain.

Received: September 20, 2022; Published: October 12, 2022

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined dental caries as a localized infectious process of multifactorial origin with high prevalence worldwide, but this prevalence depends on many factors, among which is the geographical origin specifically of children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in a Spanish and immigrants pediatric population in an independent not-profit foundation in Madrid, Spain (Odontología Solidaria), using a descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective, and correlational design. The sample consisted of 68 children and adolescents between 3 and 15 years old, male, and female, who attended a Odontología Solidaria Foundation in Madrid, Spain. The inclusion criterion consisted of having attended the Odontología Solidaria Foundation in Madrid, Spain between the months of January and July of 2022. Self-administered questionnaire and dental clinical examination were performed to obtain information about oral dental caries and ethnic background. The data is recorded in individual files and input into a database developed in the SPSS program. Spearman's correlation was carried out with a level of statistical significance p: <0.05. The total sample, 97.05% showed caries with a higher prevalence in males, aged between 3 and 6 years with 50%, that is, that the highest prevalence was the ECC. Regarding caries indexes, the dmft/DMFT was higher in the age group of 10 to 15 years and dmf-t/DMF-T in the age group of 3 to 6 years due to the presence of ECC. Although it is descriptively shown that children born outside of Spain but who have migrated to this country have a higher prevalence of caries, the calculation of the correlation using Spearman’s statistical test showed an inverse, moderated between gender and the dmft/DMFT : likewise, between the dmf-t/DMF-T with the age group in a negative and significant way; that is, the older the child, the lower their dmf-t/DMF-T index, since the primary teeth exfoliate as age increases. The country of origin did not correlate with any of the variables evaluated. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of caries was increased in the sample and mainly in children between 3 and 6 years old, which is where early childhood caries (ECC) were found, which is why these children constitute a problem of Public Health. Children and adolescents from America showed the highest value of dmf-t/DMF-T, meaning that they presented a higher proportion of early childhood caries (ECC), while the dmft/DMFT index had the highest average in immigrants from other countries.

Keywords: Caries; Prevalence; Geographical Origin; Age; Sex

References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Put end to dental caries in childhood (2019).
  2. “General Council Spainoral diseases (2022).
  3. Castro R. “Seven million milk teeth in Spain are affected by caries”. Spanish Society of Pediatric Dentistry (SEOP) (2019).
  4. “Policy on Oral Health Care Programs for Infants, Children, and Adolescents”. Pediatric Dentistry6 (2018): 27-28.
  5. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). “Importancia de la salud bucodental en los niños” (2018).
  6. Schwendicke F., et al. “Socioeconomic Inequality and Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Journal of Dental Research 1 (2015): 10-18.
  7. Lauritano D., et al. “Oral Health Status among Migrants from Middle- and Low-Income Countries to Europe: A Systematic Review”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18.22 (2022): 12203.
  8. Gupta N., et al. “Disparities in untreated caries among children and adults in the U.S., 2011-2014”. BMC Oral Health1 (2018): 30.
  9. Kizi GMN. “Epidemiological study of oral health in a group of Arab refugee children housed in the temporary stay center for immigrants in the Autonomous City of Melilla, Spain (2019).
  10. Stecksén-Blicks C., et al. “Caries and background factors in Swedish 4-year-old children with special reference to immigrant status”. Acta Odontológica Scandinavica 8 (2014): 852-858.
  11. Kazeminia M., et al. “Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta- analysis”. Head and Face Medicine 1 (2020): 22.
  12. Rodriguez-Alvarez E., et al. “Immigrant Status and Ethnic Inequities in Dental Caries in Children: Bilbao, Spain”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8 (2022): 4487.
  13. Portero de la Cruz S and Cebrino J. “Oral Health Problems and Utilization of Dental Services Among Spanish and Immigrant Children and Adolescents”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17.3 (2020): 738.
  14. Global Burden of Disease Study. World Health Organization (WHO). Oral health (2021).
  15. Campus G., et al. “Inequalities in caries among pre-school Italian children with different background”. BMC Pediatrics 1 (2022): 443.
  16. Bravo Pérez M., et al. “Survey on Oral Health in Spain” (2020).
  17. Chen KJ., et al. “Prevalence of early childhood caries among 5-year-old children: A systematic review”. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry 10 (2019): e12376.
  18. Kassebaum NJ., et al. “Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors”. Journal of Dental Research 4 (2017): 380-387.
  19. Julihn A., et al. “Development level of the country of parental origin on dental caries in children of immigrant parents in Sweden”. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992) 8 (2021): 2405-2414.
  20. Mock-Muñoz de Luna CJ., et al. “Ethnic inequalities in child and adolescent health in the Scandinavian welfare states: The role of parental socioeconomic status - a systematic review”. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health7 (2019): 679-689.
  21. André Kramer AC., et al. “Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents”. Caries Research 1-2 (2018): 42-50.
  22. Shackleton N., et al. “Inequalities in dental caries experience among 4-year-old New Zealand children”. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology l 46.3 (2018): 288-
  23. Valcarcel Soria , et al. “Acculturation and Dental Caries Among Children in Spain”. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 21.4 (2019): 699-705.

Citation

Citation: Genny Durán Contreras., et al. “Prevalence of Caries among Spanish Born and Immigrant Pediatric Population". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 6.11 (2022): 38-45.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Genny Durán Contreras., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.278

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is December 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"

Contact US









ff

© 2024 Acta Scientific, All rights reserved.