Acta Scientific Dental Sciences (ASDS)(ISSN: 2581-4893)

Research Article Volume 6 Issue 5

Prevalence of Black Triangles in Post Orthodontic Adult Patients - A Retrospective Study

Raksha V*, Sri Lakshmi Teja P, Laxmikanth SM, Shendre Shrikant, Raghunandan Chunduri and Ashita Talwar

Department of Orthodontics, the Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India

*Corresponding Author: Raksha V, Department of Orthodontics, the Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India.

Received: April 04, 2022; Published: April 29, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Black angle (Latin: Angularis Nigra), also known as open gingival embrasures, and colloquially known as "black triangle", is the space or gap seen at the cervical embrasure, below the contact point of some teeth. The gingival black triangle does not only play a role in aesthetic concerns but also may cause plaque accumulation, further worsening periodontal disease, and phonetic problems.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of posttreatment black triangles in adult orthodontic patients and to examine the association of sex, type of malocclusion, and treatment plan with open gingival embrasures.

Materials and Methods: About 3500 patient records from three dental colleges were reviewed. A sample of 173 subjects was obtained and was used to determine the prevalence of black triangles in adult patients after orthodontic treatment. The data obtained were analysed using the chi-square test. The statistical analysis in this study was done using SPSS software.

Results: The mean age of the population included in the study was 22.61 ± 4.47 years. The prevalence of black triangles was 1.73% before orthodontic treatment in the selected study sample. The same sample showed prevalence rate of 36.42% post orthodontic treatment

Conclusions: In an average Indian adult orthodontic population, 36.42% of patients had open gingival embrasures after treatment.

Keywords: Black Triangle; Orthodontic Treatment; Prevalence

References

  1. Athar S and Jayadev S. “Black gingival triangle in orthodontics: Its etiology, management, and contemporary literature review”. The Saint's International Dental Journal 4 (2020): 17-22.
  2. Chatterjee S., et al. “Black Triangle- Causes and its Management”. International Journal of Research in Health and Allied Sciences 1 (2019): 35-40.
  3. Ko-Kimura N., et al. “Some factors associated with open gingival embrasures following orthodontic treatment”. Australasian Orthodontic Journal 1 (2003): 19-24.
  4. Sghaireen Mohd G., et al. “Black Triangles Causes and Management: A Review of Literature”. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology 6 (2015): 1-7.
  5. Kurth JR and Kokich VG. “Open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment in adults: prevalence and etiology”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2 (2001): 116-123.
  6. P Janardhanam., et al. “The Dreaded Black Triangle” - Orthodontics: The Choice”. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 44 (2010): 89-93.
  7. Kohane Steven and Means Katelyn. “Multifactorial Contributions to Central. Incisor Tooth Morphology and the Presence of Black Triangles: A Case Study”. Dentistry 3000 1 (2021): 161-166.
  8. An SS., et al. “Risk factors associated with opengingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment”. The Angle Orthodontist 3 (2018): 267-274.
  9. Joanne Cunliffe and Ali Rizvi. “A Literature Review of the Treatment of Black Triangles”. Journal of Dental and Maxillofacial Research 1 (2019): 1-5.
  10. Fernando Pugliese., et al. “Black triangles: Preventing their occurrence, managing them when prevention is not practical”. Seminars in Orthodontics 25 (2019): 175-186.
  11. Vincent G Kokich. “Esthetics: The Orthodontic-Periodontic Restorative Connection”. Seminars in Orthodontics 2 (1996): 21-30.
  12. Tanaka OM., et al. “The Dilemma of the Open Gingival Embrasure Between Maxillary Central Incisors”. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6 (2008): 092-098.
  13. Stephen Burke., et al. “Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 105 (1994): 506-511.
  14. Panchali Batra., et al. “Impact of altered gingival characteristics on smile esthetics: Laypersons' perspectives by Q sort methodology”. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 154 (2018): 82-90.

Citation

Citation: Raksha V., et al. “Prevalence of Black Triangles in Post Orthodontic Adult Patients - A Retrospective Study". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 6.5 (2022): 119-124.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Raksha V., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.




Metrics

Acceptance rate30%
Acceptance to publication20-30 days
Impact Factor1.278

Indexed In





News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is July 30, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US