Validity of Modified Kvaal’s Method of Age Estimation in North-Indian Population Using Maxillary Lateral Incisor on Digital Panoramic Radiographs: A Retrospective Study
Nikhil Solanki1*, Supriya Singh2 and Shrawan Kumar3
1Consulting Oral Radiologist, Sai Hospital, Khurja, Uttar-Pradesh, India
2Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DJ College of Dental Science and Research, Modinagar, Uttar-Pradesh, India
3Dental Surgeon, Uttar-Pradesh State Government Health Services, India
*Corresponding Author: Nikhil Solanki, Consulting Oral Radiologist, Sai Hospital, Khurja, Uttar- Pradesh, India.
Received: February 18, 2022; Published: March 04, 2022
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dental age estimation (DAE) is one of the vital aspects in forensic dentistry. After tooth eruption, the size of the pulp cavity decreases constantly with age owing to deposition of secondary dentine. Various methods have been devised for estimating age, but the radiographical methods have the advantage of being non- invasive, easy, and fast. Previous studies have correlated age by using pulpal length (L) to width (W) ratio of different single rooted teeth of different population subset. Yet, a dearth exists in studies on North Indian population subset. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the chronological age and the ratio of pulpal L/W of maxillary lateral incisor using digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of North Indian population.
Material and Methods: DPRs of subjects aged 18- 60 years were collected from the archives of the database of patients who visited a private Imaging Centre in North- India based on the set inclusion and exclusion criteria. These DPRs were evaluated for 134 maxillary lateral incisors on either side (Right and Left). The pulpal L/W ratio of each tooth was measured by an Oral Radiologist using the ImageJ, open-source software and were statistically analysed.
Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0.939 indicating a statistically significant correlation between the pulpal L/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor with chronological age (P = 0.000*).
Conclusion: The ratio of pulpal L/W of maxillary lateral incisor is of paramount importance and can be used as a predictor of age in North- Indian population using modified Kvaal’s method.
Keywords: Age Determination by Teeth; Forensic Dentistry; Incisor; Panoramic Radiography; Secondary Dentine
References
- Gulsahi A., et al. “Age estimation based on pulp/tooth volume ratio measured on cone-beam CT images”. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology1 (2018): 20170239.
- Liang XH., et al. “Maxillofacial injuries caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery7 (2019): 1442-1445.
- Panchbhai AS. “Dental radiographic indicators, a key to age estimation”. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology4 (2011): 199-212.
- Jagannathan N., et al. “Age estimation in an Indian population using pulp/tooth volume ratio of mandibular canines obtained from cone beam computed tomography”. The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology1 (2011): 1.
- Kvaal SI., et al. “Age estimation of adults from dental radiographs”. Forensic Science International3 (1995): 175-185.
- Paewinsky E., et al. “Quantification of secondary dentine formation from orthopantomograms-a contribution to forensic age estimation methods in adults”. International Journal of Legal Medicine1 (2005): 27-30.
- Li MJ., et al. “Application of the Kvaal method for age estimation using digital panoramic radiography of Chinese individuals”. Forensic Science International 301 (2019): 76-81.
- Cameriere R., et al. “Age estimation by pulp/tooth ratio in lateral and central incisors by peri-apical X-ray”. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine5 (2013): 530-536.
- Kanchan-Talreja P., et al. “An assessment of the versatility of Kvaal's method of adult dental age estimation in Indians”. Archives of Oral Biology3 (2012): 277-284.
- Karkhanis S., et al. “Age estimation standards for a Western Australian population using the dental age estimation technique developed by Kvaal et al”. Forensic Science International 235 (2014): 104-111.
- Roh BY., et al. “The application of the Kvaal method to estimate the age of live Korean subjects using digital panoramic radiographs”. International Journal of Legal Medicine4 (2018): 1161-1166.
- Erbudak HÖ., et al. “Application of Kvaal et al.’s age estimation method to panoramic radiographs from Turkish individuals”. Forensic Science International1-3 (2012): 141-146.
- Herianti VR., et al. “A retrospective institutional study of human age determination by evaluating the pulp length and width ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiographs in Indonesian subjects”. Imaging Science in Dentistry4 (2021): 421.
- Demirjian A., et al. “A new system of dental age assessment”. Human Biology 1 (1973): 211-227.
- Moorrees CF., et al. “Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth”. Journal of Dental Research6 (1963): 1490-502.
- Cameriere R., et al. “Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth”. International Journal of Legal Medicine1 (2006): 49-52.
- Yekkala R., et al. “Racemization of aspartic acid from human dentin in the estimation of chronological age”. Forensic Science International 159 (2006): S89-94.
- Alkass K., et al. “Age estimation in forensic sciences: application of combined aspartic acid racemization and radiocarbon analysis”. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics5 (2010): 1022-1030.
- Ge ZP., et al. “Age estimation based on pulp chamber volume of first molars from cone-beam computed tomography images”. Forensic Science International 253 (2015): 133-e141.
- Sayegh FS and Reed AJ. “Calcification in the dental pulp”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology6 (1968): 873-882.
- Baumann P., et al. “Dental age estimation of living persons: Comparison of MRI with OPG”. Forensic Science International 253 (2015): 76-80.
- Mani SA., et al. “Comparison of two methods of dental age estimation in 7-15‐year‐old Malays”. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry5 (2008): 380-388.
- Asab SA., et al. “The accuracy of Demirjian method in dental age estimation of Malay children”. Singapore Dental Journal1 (2011): 19-27.
- Saini A and Garg A. “Age estimation of an individual by pulp/tooth ratio by maxillary lateral incisor using periapical radiographs (RVG)”. International Journal of Forensic Odontology1 (2019): 27.
- Altunsoy M., et al. “A cone-beam computed tomography study of the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in a Turkish population”. European Journal of Dentistry03 (2014): 302-306.
- Rondon RH., et al. “Common positioning errors in panoramic radiography: A review”. Imaging Science in Dentistry1 (2014): 1-6.
- Zaher JF., et al. “Age estimation from pulp/tooth area ratio in maxillary incisors among Egyptians using dental radiographic images”. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine2 (2011): 62-65.
- Babshet M., et al. “Age estimation from pulp/tooth area ratio (PTR) in an Indian sample: A preliminary comparison of three mandibular teeth used alone and in combination”. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 8 (2011): 350-354.
- Indira AP., et al. “Age estimation of adults using dental pulp: A cross. sectional radiographic study”. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights3 (2015): 131-134.
Citation
Copyright