Acta Scientific Dental Sciences (ISSN: 2581-4893)

Research ArticleVolume 5 Issue 9

Comparative Analyses of Dense and Porous Chitosan-Xanthan Membranes

Fabio Alessandro Simões1*, Antonio Carlos Aloise2 and Lydia Masako Ferreira3

1DDS, MSc, Surgical Translational Graduate Program at UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2DDS, MSc, PhD, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3MD, PhD, Head and Full Professor Plastic Surgery Division UNIFESP, Researcher CNPq 1A, Director Translational Surgery Graduate Program UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

*Corresponding Author: Fabio Alessandro Simões, DDS, MSc, Surgical Translational Graduate Program at UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Received: July 03, 2021; Published: : August 19, 2021

Citation: Fabio Alessandro Simões, et al. “Comparative Analyses of Dense and Porous Chitosan-Xanthan Membranes". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 5.9 (2021): 81-88.

Abstract

Introduction: Polymeric materials are often used in tissue engineering to foster the growth and/or healing of the most varied types of tissues and organs.

Objective: To analyze the physicochemical properties of porous chitosan-xanthan membranes.

Method: Chitosan-xanthan membranes were prepared through complexation of the polysaccharides Chitosan (Ch) and Xanthan (Xn) in a 1:1 mass ratio solution. The compact membranes (Control Group - CG) were obtained by modeling the polysaccharide complex onto polystyrene plates. Porous membranes (Experimental Group - EG) were obtained by adding Pluronic® F127 to the polysaccharide complexes immediately before modeling onto the polystyrene plates. The membranes were characterized by analyzing the morphology, thickness, absorption, and degradation rates in aqueous (H2O) and 0.9% NaCl (SS) solutions, as well as the mechanical resistance (maximum stress and elongation at rupture) of the Control and Experimental groups.

Results: For the CG and EG, the thickness of wet membranes was 2.39 ± 0.27mm and 2.69 ± 0.46mm, respectively (p > 0.05). Regarding water and saline absorption capacity, CG displayed 70.13 ± 3.77g and 28.92 ± 0.55g, respectively, and the EG 28.72 ± 0.91g and 15.21 ± 0.59g, respectively (p < 0.05). The mass variation of CG membranes exposed to water and saline solution was 12.85 ± 0.41% and 8.79 ± 1.40%, respectively, and for EG 16.13 ± 0.19% and 25.06 ± 0.99%, respectively (p < 0.05). The maximum stress at rupture of the CG and EG membranes was 0.03 ± 0.01 MPa and 0.05 ± 0.03 MPa, respectively (p < 0.05). The elongation at rupture of CG and EG membranes was 54.02 ± 16.45% and 50.86 ± 11.94%, respectively.

Conclusion: Porous chitosan/xanthan membranes showed less absorption of water and saline solution, greater variation in mass and greater resistance to tearing, when compared to compact membranes.

Keywords: Chitosan; Xanthan; Tissue Engineering; Scaffolds; Artificial Membranes; Support Tissue

Bibliography

  1. Van Vlierberghe S., et al. “Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: A review”. Biomacromolecules 12 (2011): 1387-408.
  2. Dhandayuthapani B., et al. “Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Application: A Review”. International Journal of Polymer Science (2011): 1-19.
  3. Baddour JA., et al. “Organ repair and regeneration: An overview”. Birth Defects Research Part C-Embryo Today 1 (2012): 1-29.
  4. Toft K., et al. “Ectopic hair growth after flap reconstruction of the head and the neck”. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 2 (2000): 148-150.
  5. Capito RM and Spector M. “Scaffold-based articular cartilage repair”. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine5 (2003): 42-50.
  6. Pabbruwe MB., et al. “Induction of cartilage integration by a chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant”. Biomaterials 30 (2009): 4277-4286.
  7. Getgood A., et al. “Articular cartilage tissue engineering”. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 91 (2009): 565-576.
  8. Szymanska E and Winnicka K. “Stability of chitosan – A challenge for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications”. Marine Drugs 13 (2015): 1819-1846.
  9. Meana A., et al. “Large surfaces of cultured epithelium obtained on a dermal matrix based on live fibroblast-containing fibrin gels”. Burns 24 (1998): 621-630.
  10. Llames SG., et al. “Human plasma as a dermal scaffold for the generation of a completely autologous bioengineered skin”. Transplantation 3 (2004): 350-355.
  11. Llames S., et al. “Clinical results of an autologous engineered skin”. Cell and Tissue Banking 7 (2006): 47-53.
  12. Nishida K. “Tissue engineering of the cornea”. Cornea 1 (2003): S28-S34.
  13. Alaminos M., et al. “Construction of a Complete Rabbit Cornea Substitute Using a Fibrin-Agarose Scaffold”. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 8 (2006): 3311-3317.
  14. Wunsch L., et al. “Matrix testing for urothelial tissue engineering”. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 15 (2005): 164-169.
  15. Pascual G., et al. “New approach to improving endothelial preservation in cryopreserved arterial substitutes”. Cryobiology 48 (2004): 62-71.
  16. Lauer G and Schimming R. “Tissue-engineered mucosa graft for reconstruction of the intraoral lining after freeing of the tong: A clinical and immunohistologic study”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 59 (2001): 169-177.
  17. Schultze-Mosgau S., et al. “In Vitro cultured autologous pre-confluent oral keratinocytes for experimental prefabrication of oral mucosa”. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 33 (2004): 476-485.
  18. Song J., et al. “Development and characterization of a canine oral mucosa equivalent in a serum-free environment”. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 1 (2004): 143-153.
  19. Meng X., et al. “Chitosan and alginate polyelectrolyte complex membranes and their properties for wound dressing application”. The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine5 (2010): 1751-1759.
  20. Wittaya-Areekul S and Prahsarn C. “Development and in vitro evaluation of chitosan- polysaccharides composite wound dressings”. International Journal of Pharmaceutics - Journal 313 (2006): 123-128.
  21. Zhao F., et al. “Preparation and histological evaluation of biomimetic three-dimensional hydroxyapatite/chitosan-gelatin network composite scaffolds”. Biomaterials 23 (2002): 3227-3234.
  22. Campos MGN., et al. “In vitro gentamicin sustained and controlled release from chitosan cross-linked films”. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 20 (2009): 537-542.
  23. Rodrigues AP., et al. “The influence of preparation conditions on the characteristics of chitosan-alginate dressings for skin lesions”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 109 (2008): 2703-2710.
  24. Mi FL., et al. “Fabrication and characterization of sponge-like asymmetric chitosan membrane as a wound dressing”. Biomaterials 22 (2001): 165-173.
  25. Bejenariu A., et al. “Stiffness xanthan hydrogels: synthesis, swelling characteristics and controlled release properties”. Polymer Bulletin 61 (2008): 631-641.
  26. Veiga IG and Moraes AM. “Study of the swelling and stability properties of chitosan-xanthan membranes”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 124 (2012): E154-E160.
  27. Bueno CZ and Moraes AM. “Development of porous lamellar chitosan-alginate membranes: effect of different surfactants on biomaterial properties”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122 (2011): 624-631.
  28. Bellini MZ., et al. “Comparison of the properties of compacted and porous lamelar chitosan-xanthan membranes as dressings and scaffolds for the treatment of skin lesions”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 125 (2012): E421-E431.
  29. Kumar A., et al. “Application of xanthan gum as polysaccharide in the tissue engineering – A review”. Carbohydrate Polymers 180 (2018): 128-144.
  30. Chellat F., et al. “Study of biodegradation behavior of chitosan-xanthan microspheres in simulated physiological media”. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 53 (2000): 592-599.
  31. Uygun BE., et al. “Membrane thickness in an important variable in membrane scaffolds: influence of chitosan membrane structure on the behavior of cells”. Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010): 2126-2131.
  32. Chellat F., et al. “In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of chitosan-xanthan polyonic complex”. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 51 (1999): 107-116.
  33. Ma J., et al. “A preliminary in vitro study on the fabrication and tissue engineering applications of a novel chitosan bilayer material as a scaffold of human neofetal dermal fibroblasts”. Biomaterials 22 (2001): 331-336.
  34. Wan Y., et al. “Mechanical properties of porous polylactide/chitosan blend membranes”. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 292 (2007): 598-607.
  35. Wang L., et al. “Chitosan-alginate-CaCl2 system for membrane coat application”. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 90 (2001): 1134-1142.
  36. George J., et al. “Biodegradable Honeycomb Collagen Scaffold for Dermal Tissue Engineering”. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 87 (2008): 1103-1111.
  37. Kucharska M., et al. “Dressing sponges made of chitosan and chitosan-alginate fibrids”. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 3 (2008): 109-113.
  38. Macleod GS., et al. “The potential use of mixed films of pectin, chitosan and HPMC for bimodal drug release”. Journal of Controlled Release 58 (1999): 303-310.
  39. She Z., et al. “Silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold: preparation, characterization, and culture with HepG2 cell”. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 19 (2008): 3545-3553.

Copyright: © 2021 Fabio Alessandro Simões, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.



News and Events


  • Certification for Review
    Acta Scientific certifies the Editors/reviewers for their review done towards the assigned articles of the respective journals.
  • Submission Timeline for Upcoming Issue
    The last date for submission of articles for regular Issues is November 25, 2024.
  • Publication Certificate
    Authors will be issued a "Publication Certificate" as a mark of appreciation for publishing their work.
  • Best Article of the Issue
    The Editors will elect one Best Article after each issue release. The authors of this article will be provided with a certificate of "Best Article of the Issue"
  • Welcoming Article Submission
    Acta Scientific delightfully welcomes active researchers for submission of articles towards the upcoming issue of respective journals.

Contact US









ff

© 2024 Acta Scientific, All rights reserved.