Abstract

 Oral cancer is one of the most mutilating disease afflicting mankind. Precancerous lesions, conditions and early stage oral cancer cannot be adequately identified by visual inspection alone and may be easily overlooked and neglected. Differentiation between early stage cancer, precancerous lesions and benign lesions is often difficult because of the similar appearance of the lesions. Surgical biopsy is a gold standard for diagnosis, but this needs professional services, which are impractical at times. Alternative screening methods which are non-invasive, easily performed and highly accurate are the norms for any test to accept as an alternative for histopathology. Early diagnosis is one of the most important single factor in combating oral cancer. Every general dental practitioner should be aware of recent advances in diagnostic oral medicine in order to provide a high level of care. This paper provides a summary of comprehensive diagnostic modalities that can be used for early detection, which is crucial for its ultimate control and prevention.

Keywords: Diagnostic Aids; Non-invasive; Oral Cancer; Potentially Premalignant Oral Epithelial Lesions; PPOEL; PMDs

References

1. Garcia M., et al. “Global Cancer Facts and Figures”. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society (2007).
2. Olshan FA. “Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer”. London, Springer, (2010).
3. Fedele S. “Diagnostic aids in the screening of oral cancer”. Head and Neck Oncology 1 (2009): 5-11.
4. Reibel J. “Prognosis of Oral Pre-Malignant Lesions: Significance of Clinical, Histopathological and Molecular Biological Characteristics”. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 14 (2003): 47-62.
5. Paget J. “Cancer following ichthyosis of the tongue”. Trans Clin Soc London 3 (1870): 88.
6. Warnakulasuriya S., et al. “Review article: Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa”. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 36 (2007): 575-580.
7. Warnakulasuriya S., et al. “Review Article: Oral epithelial dysplasia classification systems: predictive value, utility, weaknesses and scope for improvement”. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 37 (2008): 127-133.
8. Lingen MW., et al. “Genetics/epigenetics of oral premalignancy: current status and future research”. Oral Disease1 (2011): 7-22.
9. Awadallah M., et al. “Management update of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions”. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 6 (2018): 628-636.
10. gov.in (2020).
11. Saikia J., et al. “Assessment of superoxide dismutase levels in saliva among tobacco and non-tobacco users-A cross sectional study”. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research12 (2019): 66-72.
12. Pindborg JJ., et al. “Role of smoking in floor of the mouth leukoplakias”. Journal of Oral Pathology 1 (1972): 22-29.
13. Gupta PC., et al. “Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers”. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 8 (1980): 287-333.
14. Mehta FS., et al. “Epidemiologic and histologic study of oral cancer and leukoplakia among 50,915 villagers in India”. Cancer 24 (1969): 832-849.
15. Roed-Petersen B. “Effect on oral leukoplakia of reducing or ceasing tobacco smoking”. Acta Dermato-Venereologica (Stockh) 1 (1982): 164-167.
16. Seamus SN and Paul M. “Natural History of Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions and Conditions: An Overview of the Literature”. JOPM 37 (2008): 1-10.
17. Warnakulasuria S. “Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer”. Oral Oncology (2009): 309-316.
18. Oral Cancer, 4th edition.
19. Liu D., et al. “Non-invasive techniques for detection and diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders”. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine2 (2016): 165-177.
20. Joel BE., et al. “Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions”. JCDA10 (2002): 617-627.
21. Oral Pathology. Clinical Pathological Correlations 4th Edition.
22. Siddiq MA., et al. “Molecular biology: an early detector of oral cancers”. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 13 (2009): 140-145.
23. Crispian Scully., et al. “Oral Cancer: Current and Future Diagnostic Techniques”. American Journal of Dentistry 21 (2008): 4.
24. Hossain AN., et al. “Microarreys. Application in dental research”. Oral Diseases 14 (2008): 25-29.
25. Lingen MW., et al. “Adjuncts for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis—a report of the American Dental Association”. The Journal of the American Dental Association11 (2017): 797-813.

Citation

Citation: Jayanta Saikia., et al. “Advanced Diagnostic Aids in Detection of Potentially Premalignant Oral Epithelial Lesions - A Review". Acta Scientific Dental Sciences 4.9 (2020): 11-18.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2020 Jayanta Saikia., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.