Mohamed Raslan¹, Eslam MS¹, Sara AR¹ and Nagwa A Sabri²*

¹Drug Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
²Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

*Corresponding Author: Nagwa A Sabri, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Received: April 20, 2022; Published: June 16, 2022

Abstract

Background: Nowadays COVID-19 is the most widely spread viral infections all over the world. The relation between immune system response, coordination, existing comorbid conditions, viral proofreading, and severity of corona virus infection and increased mortalities requires some attention to be investigated and correlated.

Aim: Reviewing the immune system, types of immunity and investigating the effect of comorbidity and poly pharmacy on patients’ immunity system and response finally, the correlation between viral proofreading and severity of COVID-19 infection.

Discussion: Severity of COVID-19 infection can be attributed to immune dysregulation and loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity. Several factors and comorbid conditions contribute in such dysregulation, like age, obesity, pre-existing diseases, stress conditions. Besides, viral mutations that occurs as a result of proofreading mechanisms contributes in such diseases severity. Clinical pictures showed high white blood cell count, lower lymphocyte count, and high levels of reactive protein (CRP) in those patients died from COVID-19 compared to those recovered individuals. Several drug choices like hydroxychloroquine, Baricitinib, Beta-glucans proved to be effective in management and regulation of disrupted immune responses and improving clinical pictures. Conclusion: Immune dysregulation and other factors supporting such dysregulation showed to be the main leading cause for exacerbation of COVID-19 symptoms and increased mortalities. Different therapeutic choices showed to be effective in restoring immune coordination, and improving clinical signs and symptoms.

Keywords: COVID-19; Innate Immunity; Proofreading; Adaptive Immunity; Cytokines, Thymus-Derived Immunity

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Citation

Citation: Nagwa A Sabri., et al. “Immune System Response to COVID-19. An Endless Story". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 6.7 (2022): 24-31.

Copyright

Copyright: © 2022 Nagwa A Sabri., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.