*Corresponding Author: Thamer Mutlag Jasim, Department of Laboratory Clinical Science, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq.

Received: June 08, 2020; Published: March 25, 2021

Introduction

  Nanotechnology has become a rapidly growing field of research because of the unique properties and broad range of application of nano bioactive materials in different areas of industrial and biochemical science [1,2]. Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the *word that has been considered as alternative treatment options which is cultivated in Iran, India [3]. Different part of saffron including stigma, leaves, stamen and colora represent antimicrobial activity. It contains a variety of chemical constituents such as crocin, crocin and other flavonoids, utilized for therapeutic processes [4-6]. The herbal of chemical which are including terpenoves, flavones, ketones, aldehyde, amides and carboxylic acids, they are directly involved to the reduction of ion and the formation silver nano particles [7]. The toxicity of very nanoparticle depends on the size and rate of ion emission. Also antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles are attributed to the three-dimensional structure of the cell of gram positive and gram negative bacteria [8]. The importance of silver ion has been also found in the treatment of burn wound by various researchers who studied the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles against virulent pathogens [9]. There are three main sources for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by biological methods such as bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts [10,11]. The anticancer activity of saffron compound related to antioxidant properties of carotenoid of saffron. Further in depth studies need to define efficacy of saffron cancer and treatment and prevention the scarcity and expense in obtaining large quantity of saffron may provide independent to human chemo preventive and cancer treatment using this agent. Saffron can protect the lung from pathological changes and can decrease progress of asthma in sensitized guinea pig. Saffron in combination of honey reduced the coarse of treatment in children with pneumonia. The currency of pneumonia was much less in saffron group of six weeks [12]. Extract of Crocus sativus against various have confirmed an improvised activity against bacteria and fungi used as test organisms [13]. The aim of the present study to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and methanolic extract of C. sativus nanoparticle on the pathogenic bacteria isolated from the patient with pneumonia.

Materials and Methods

  Sample were collected from the local market and identified by A bokreb botany center.

  The collected flowers were washed with distilled water. The materials were powdered separately by using electric grinder. 50 grams of dried powder was filled in the thimble and extracted with 150 ml of water and methanol successively up to 48 h accompanying shaking and stirring [13,14]. The mixture were then undergone a coarse filtration through Whatman filter paper separately. The filtrate obtained were evaporation by rotary evaporator at 5 to 6 rpm and 65 c.

Authentic pure cultures of bacteria isolated from the patient with pneumonia in Al Yarmuk hospital like S. pneumonia, klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, H. influenza.

  10 ml of extract was treated with 90 ml of 1 mv silver nitrate solution and kept in room temperature. Subsequently the synthesis of silver nano particle was initially identified by brown colour formation and further monitored by measuring UV-vis spectra of the reaction mixture.

  The MIC value of Ag-Nps and extract were determined by broth microdilution assay. The Ag-Nps serially diluted two fold with deionized water concentration ranging for 50-7.8mg/ml. were extract were serially diluted to fold with 10% (DMS) containing 1-1.56 mg ml after shaking 100 ml of dilute AgNps. 0.1 extract was added to each well of 96 well microliter plates. Microbial suspention were adjusted to 00.5 MacFarland and at 35-42 diluted to 1x10 oss 6 CFU/ml then 100ml of the suspention was added to each well and incubated at 35 -42 c for 24 hour MIC value were determined at the lowest concentration compound that incubated bacteria after 24 hours [14] water concentration were serially diluted two fold with deonised Ag-NPs.

Results

  Table 1 have shown zone of inhibition mm of clinical isolation and concentration of aqueous Saffrone. Table 2 have shown zone of inhibition in mm of clinical isolation and concentration of methanolic extract of Saffron. Table 3 have shown zone of inhibition mm of clinical isolation of Saffron ad concentration of Saffron and nanoparticle. Table 4 have shown antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle of Saffron of Ag.

Discussion and Conclusion

  Saffron extract quickly reduces Ag to Ago and enhance synthesis of silver nanoparticle with highly antibacterial activity [15]. Addition of the aqueous and methanolic herbal extract to 1mm aqueous Agno3 solution resulted in change of colour with 5-10 minutes which can be varied according to the plant species chosen. The reason could be the qualitative variation in the formation o SNps or availability of H or to reduce the silver. The change in colour was obtained which resulted due to the excitation of the surface plasmin Resonance (SPR) variation of the silver nanoparticle formed. The green herb are the site of photosynthesis and accessibility of more the ion to reduce the silver nitrate into silver nanoparticle. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle by saffron and their bioefficacy against pneumonia. The study investigated the influence of different concentration of C. sativus L against bacteria isolated from the patient with pneumonia. This result agree with Ghodsiel Bagherzade., et al. 2017 [16] who report the biosynthesized AgNps showed significant antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria. And agree with Ghodsieh Bagherzade., et al. who report that the biosynthesized AgNps had an inhibiting activity against K. pneumonia [17]. And agree with Jeff., et al. 2012 [18] who report NP therapies promise for treating a wide variety of bacteria that are not easily killed by routine antimicrobial agents [19]. And agree with Fahidi., et al. 2002 [20] who report the effect Crocus sativus against bacteria. Silver nanoparticle destroy bacteria by membrane demolition [20]. A green method has been reported for the synthesis of AgNPs using C. sativus extract as reducing and capping agent. The silver nanoparticle show high antibacterial activity when assayed by agar well diffusion method. This green synthesized nanoparticle could be used in the medical field against human disease due to their high efficiency as antibacterial agent [21-24]. The present study agreement with Thamer., et al. 2018 [25] who report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgpNs) by using the flower extract have high antibacterial activity and agreement with Dipnaker C, Murugan proposed that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs using Iresine herbstii leaf aqueous extract represented excellent antimicrobial activity [26,27]. Furthermore, it is suggested to evaluate the effect of active components of the extracts and antimicrobial preservatives used in food, health, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and to elucidate the exact mechanisms of action by which extract exert their antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used in drug development program for safe health care services. Hence, our results are promising and prove to be an important step in the treatment of pneumonia.